EL ESTRÉS DE LAS MADRES CON HIJOS/AS CON SÍNDROME DE DOWN: ANÁLISIS DESCRIPTIVO DE UNA MUESTRA ESPAÑOLA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2179-7137.2018v7n1.38976Palavras-chave:
estres, síndrome de Down, madres, crianza, familiaResumo
El artículo describe el estrés de una muestra de madres españolas de niños con síndrome de Down entre 0 y 12 años, a partir de una tesis doctoral que estudió la adaptación familiar a la llegada de un niño con síndrome de Down aplicando para ello el modelo Doble ABCX de McCubbin y Patterson (1983). Los resultados expuestos pueden guiar futuras investigaciones que utilicen muestras mayores y estadísticamente representativas. El número de madres estudiadas es de 161, la mayoría de ellas casadas y en familias biparentales. Su edad media es 40,7 y proceden en mayor medida de las Comunidades Autónomas de Madrid y Andalucía. El instrumento utilizado ha sido el Índice de Estrés Parental en su versión abreviada de Abidin (1995). Consta de 36 afirmaciones en una escala tipo Likert de 1 a 5. En su versión original el Índice presenta un coeficiente de consistencia interna 0,91. En el presente estudio ésta ha sido de 0,94. La información relativa al resto de variables ha sido recogida mediante un cuestionario original elaborado para la investigación. Los resultados muestran que las madres no presentan un nivel de estrés elevado. Los recursos personales de los que disponen – crianza compartida, elevado nivel formativo e ingresos disponibles -, y el acceso a recursos de apoyo social informal y formal, les permiten afrontar en mejores condiciones la llegada del niño/a con discapacidad. Familiares cercanos, amigos y profesionales constituyen factores protectores de primer orden. Las madres del estudio tienen una valoración bastante positiva de la relación que mantienen con los profesionales desde los primeros momentos del diagnóstico, en relación con la comunicación de la discapacidad de sus hijos y la información y orientación inicial que recibieron. Una mayor edad de la madre, una situación económica más frágil, afrontar la crianza sin el otro progenitor, el crecimiento de los hijos, y la no disposición de redes familiares, amicales y profesionales, constituyen en las mujeres estudiadas factores de riesgo para el estrés maternalDownloads
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