NATIONAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF BAIKAL PROTECTION

Resumo

the relevance of the article is conditioned by the need to improve management efficiency in the area of environmental management and conservancy in the conditions of a federal state. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current system of relations in the regulation of the protection of Baikal lake as a World Heritage object and identification of the reasons behind the impaired efficiency of state efforts to reduce impact on the lake’s ecosystem and ensure sustainable development of the adjacent territory. The analysis is targeted at the allocation of authorities by management levels – from federal to local. The study methodology rests on the analysis of empiric materials and structured-functional approach that makes it possible to single out discrepancies in the exercise of control and executive functions at various levels of environmental protection management. The main discrepancy is the predominance of prohibitive and conservative approaches, which hampers coordination of objectives of the protection of the unique ecosystem and sustainable development of coastal territories. The federal focus of main executive powers results in the ignorance of interests of local communities and passive participation of regional authorities in the implementation of the main tasks related to the recovery of disturbed ecosystems. There are no management bodies in charge of a comprehensive approach to the territory development and there are no established horizontal ties between interested regions. This brings about the expansion of shadow economies related to the use of natural resources. It is proposed to enhance the regional level of decision-making by establishing a system of accommodation of interests of federal subjects concerned and a higher focus on the development of ecologically-oriented economic activities. The article materials may be of use when working out approaches and methods of the management of sustainable territory development and when improving the system of the national ecological policy as a whole.