CAOS – Revista Eletrônica de Ciências Sociais

THROUGH THE STREETS OF THE OLD WORLD: a photoethnographic report on poverty and public safety

Fábio Gomes de França — 2024-06-05

This article deals with a photoethnographic experience carried out in Europe during a tourist trip to Portugal, Italy and France between late 2019 and early 2020. Based on free observation my report makes use of photographic images of social situations on the streets of some cities in the countries referred to, including dialogue with textual descriptions of my impressions of the places I passed through. This ‘street ethnography’ enabled me to reflect on questions of public security in Europe in addition to helping me to better understand the Brazilian context. In conclusion, my descriptive emphasis reflects back upon the relationship between poverty and public security and the contemporary dilemmas around this relationship.

PASSION FOR THE WORK: anthropological workout by Ednalva Neves

Ednalva Maciel Neves — 2024-06-05

This interview records the trajectory and career of Professor Ednalva Maciel Neves, who, recently retired, kindly agreed to discuss her teaching legacy. A physician and anthropologist, she worked in the Department of Social Sciences/CCHLA at the Federal University of Paraíba and has been a university professor since 1996. She also taugth at the Federal University of Maranhão. With a Ph.D. in social anthropology from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (2004), she completed a senior internship at PPGAS/UFRGS and CERMES3/CNRS, France (2013-2014). She is a permanent professor in the PPGA and PPGS/CCHLA at the Federal University of Paraíba. She is a member of the Research Group on Health, Society, and Culture/GRUPESSC/UFPB and the Mandacaru – Research Center on Gender, Health, and Human Rights/UFAL. A member of the Brazilian Anthropological Association (ABA) since 2001, even in retirement, she continues her anthropological work, participating in panels, events, and producing studies with students and Professor seniors. Her research is related to the themes of biosocialities, biomedicine, illnesses, health practices, risk, and knowledge production. The interview was conducted by editors Geziane Oliveira and Mohana Morais Cavalcante, using a semi-structured questionnaire, and took place remotely via video conference on May 4, 2024. Ednalva is a master of knowledge and teaching and has made (and continues to make) a difference in the lives of many of her students.

MOTHERING AND THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE FEMALE BODY: matriarcal centrality in “The Joys of Motherhood” by Buchi Emecheta

Cassirene Milena Silva Lima — 2024-06-05

The scope of this review aims to reflect on the social construction of the Nigerian African woman, influenced by the Igbo ideal of motherhood and the natural use of women's bodies for this purpose. We focus on the correlation between female characters, whose lives are interweaved in the cultural context, and the challenges they face with British colonization. Through critical and qualitative study, we seek to understand the bodily, subjective, and interpersonal transformations that compose Florence Onyebuchi Emecheta's writing in The Joys of Motherhood, a novel first published in 1979. It is evident that the author emphasizes the naturalized imposition on women's bodies, presenting them as having the vital strength to bring forth other lives. The analysis allows for a certain displacement of the author's fleeting memories, as the book's title connects with her own history, highlighting the positive side. However, the oppressive and violent surroundings, along with the questioning, silenced by the specified culture, are also emphasized. In the act of writing itself, the maternal role sparks discussions that cut across gender, prompting us to consider ethnic-racial, feminine, and bodily intersections, among other aspects. In this sense, the results obtained in this maternity workshop, although set in an African country, exhibit some similarities with the Western world that constructed the concept of the ideal woman and mother.

HARRIET MARTINEAU: pioneer of the social sciences and the women's emancipation movement

Alba Paulo de Azevedo — 2024-06-05

This article aims to examine Harriet Martineau’s contribution to the social and political inclusion of women, as a precursor to the critical-discursive production in the social sciences regarding the phenomenon of gender inequality in modern democracies. In methodological terms, it utilized a bibliographical survey of the English author's academic legacy in the development of sociology in the 19th century, emphasizing her commitment to women's emancipation, with the goal of addressing this deficiency in democracy, now considered a prerequisite for achieving diversity and understanding the contemporary world. As a result, it was revealed that the study of a society should encompass all its aspects and key political, religious, and social institutions, including an understanding of the lives and work of women. In conclusion, it underscores the need to (re)visit the sociologist's work, not only for understanding the hierarchical nature of democracy and the organization of power relations but especially for an affirmation of full female citizenship.

INEQUITY AND VIOLENCE AGAINST BLACK WOMEN IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: a narrative review

Bianca Stefany Dias de Jorge — 2024-06-05

Feminist and gender studies, from a decolonial and intersectional perspective, have grown in recent years in different countries. These studies admit that the intersection of vulnerable identities by gender, race, among others, enhances the conditions of physical and mental illness of people. Considering that Brazil is a country structurally marked by racism and sexism, the importance of discussions on how gender and race prejudices and stereotypes compromise the health of black women is evident. The objective was to carry out a narrative review of the literature about the health of black women. Data was collected from the main national and international research bases, such as: Scielo, PubMed and PePSIC, with the descriptors in Portuguese (saúde, mulheres negras, racismo) and in English (health, black women, racism). For an interpretation of the data, a qualitative content analysis was performed. Theoretically, support was sought especially from black feminist authors, such as Lélia González and Sueli Carneiro. Based upon the analysis, the scientific literature highlights the high rate of violence against women, especially obstetric violence in the health area. In this way, the research confirms that stigmatization, discrimination and racism are combined with gender and class prejudice. Consequently, there are adverse effects on the health of these women, including increasing difficulties in seeking care.

“SARAVÁ KEHINDE!”: Rio de Janeiro's carnival as political manifesto

Carlos Antonio Nascimento de Souza — 2024-06-05

This article discusses the emotion in the universe of samba schools in Rio de Janeiro. Taken as a central element and a universal feeling during the process of building the carnival parade, emotion can boost the samba schools in the of the carnival contest. Faced with the frequent mobilization of multiple feelings by the various actors of the associations, this article aims to investigate the impacts, effects, and consequences of emotion in the carnival of samba schools. To do so, the central object of the study is the parade Um defeito de cor, based on a book of the same name (Gonçalves, 2006), from the Portela samba school, elected in the categories best plot and best parade of carnival 2024 in an award of great relevance at the carnival of Rio de Janeiro. The analysis of the work is located in the field of the anthropology of emotions and on concepts developed by Lila Abu-Lughod and Catherine Lutz (1990). In addition to presenting the systematization of this theoretical field by the authors in the 1980s, the article exposes elements present in the universe of samba schools and the parade of 2024 of Portela. As a result, it was observed that emotion is the factor responsible for producing a micropolitical dimension in the carnival of the samba schools of Rio de Janeiro that seeks changes in the social reality of the participants and of the public.

THE PATERNALIST GIFT: notes about the reciprocity of concessions in the company town

Norberto Quintana Guidotti de Ornelas — 2024-06-05

Understanding that paternalism involves bonds of proximity, benevolence, aid and help that develop between subjects with unequal positions - a common relationship in industrial settlements that maintain an autonomous project of assistance to workers - this article seeks to reflect on the extent to which paternalism can be interpreted as a form of gift, based on reciprocity and dependence. To do so, we start from Marcel Mauss' theoretical construct (2003) and its contemporary developments. The concrete case that guides this reflection is the company city of Minas do Camaquã/RS. From the understanding of the phenomenon in the investigated group, through documentary analysis and interviews with former workers from Companhia Brasileira do Cobre, it is possible to establish explanatory approximations between the gifts and debts that came from the employer’s benefaction and the dynamics of the labor relations woven between mining workers and the company.

A A TRUE ETHNIC SCENARIO IN MACEIÓ: urban sociability and cultural arrangements in the Levada neighborhood during the First Republic

Ulisses Rafael — 2024-06-05

This article explores forms of social interaction in public spaces in the city of Maceió, Alagoas, specifically in the peripheral neighborhood of Levada whose population was formed, during the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, by ex-slaves, African remnants, and free and poor men and women. Given the daily dynamics related to work and entertainment, we can think of it as a true ethnic scenario. We seek to explore the forms of sociability observed in the public areas of the neighborhood, especially the sociabilities of religious celebrations, a privileged space for observing customs and public behavior norms. We highlight two celebratory situations: the feast of São Benedito and the tributes to Santa Bárbara. These celebrations, held by religious houses of African matrices, attracted many people, both from the neighborhood and from other locations. They gained greater visibility when organized by Chico Foguinho, a religious leader in the neighborhood. In journalistic news, the celebrations were often reported as tragic facts, anecdotes, or as complaints made by dissatisfied neighbors. This interpretation is based on newspaper materials of the time, particularly the Jornal de Alagoas, the main opposition organ, in addition to the local chronicles of that period. This article derives from doctoral research, started in the 2000s, whose objective was to investigate the persecution of religious worship houses, known at the time as xangôs. The conclusion, as already verified in the thesis (Rafael, 2004), is that the presence of the black population in Maceió has always been erased, not only by the press, but especially in academic works of more recent periods.

ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY: an analysis of the possible pre-implementation socio-environmental effects of the Marabá Hydroelectric Plant project

Letícia Costa Silva — 2024-06-05

In the context of the 1972 Stockholm Conference, a movement begins in the human sciences — leading to the foundation of environmental sociology — to produce research related to the environmental problem in contemporary society, whose concern is centered on the globalization of socio-environmental effects and the production of typical risks of this society. In this context, this work focuses on the Amazon region and its inhabitants, who suffer from changes in their ecosystem and their traditional social relations. It analyzes the possible socio-environmental effects to be caused by the pre-implementation of the Marabá Hydroelectric project in the Amazon, more specifically in the traditional fishing community of Vila Apinagés, in São João do Araguaia-PA. The adopted methodology was the review of the literature that discusses the consequences of the advancement of industrial society and its socio-environmental effects linked to the implementation of large projects in the Amazon. As a result of this initial bibliographic research, it was found that the imminent installation of the Marabá hydroelectric plant, if built, will affect areas of several municipalities, leading to the displacement of several traditional communities, such as the residents of vila Apinagés. Therefore, the importance of fostering constant discussions about and how these projects were disseminated in the Amazon region, articulating the debates with the performance of social movements, among other agents of reaction and claim for social and environmental justice.

CULTURAL PUBLIC POLICIES IN DEBATE: a study of public hearings of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies’ Culture Committee

Antonio Teixeira de Barros — 2024-06-05

The text analyzes the debates on Brazilian cultural public policies based upon the public hearings promoted by the Culture Committee of the Chamber of Deputies. The objective is to examine the public's perceptions of these audiences, considering: the debates themselves; the performance of parliamentarians and guest speakers; and the performance of the National Congress and the Executive Branch. The data result from a questionnaire applied in person with the participants of the public hearings during 2019, totaling 30% of the public of 670. The principal conclusions show the predominance of positive perceptions about audiences, debates and the participation of the invited exhibitors; but the performance of the deputies is considered ordinary. The performance of the National Congress and the Executive Branch is viewed in a negative way. The informants highlighted the omissions of the congressmen and the lack of priority on the topic on the Executive's agenda, with severe criticisms of the Government in office during the conduct of the survey.

A SOCIO-HISTORICAL NARRATIVE ON THE FLEXIBILITY OF WORK IN BRAZIL: work in transformation

Larissa Fernandes Camargo — 2024-06-05

Global flexibilization, concurrent with paradigmatic transformations in the Brazilian labor market, under the influence of technological advancement and in line with neoliberal premises, exacerbates precarization and the phenomenon of underemployment. In this scenario, the objective of this study is the analysis of the socio-economic and social impacts resulting from the precarization and informalization of contemporary work, grounded, by way of an analysis, through the postulates of historical materialism. The present investigation, characterized as a qualitative narrative literature review, enabled the coverage of works retrieved through the Google Scholar and Scielo databases using the descriptors alienation of labor, flexibilization, and precarization of work. It is concluded, through literary contextualization, that such changes in the labor context have a considerable impact on the social fabric, manifesting as persistent alienation of labor and the establishment of so-called "uberization," whose consequences reverberate in the precarization of working conditions, adversely affecting the physical, mental health, and dignity of the working class.

RACE, MISCEGENATION AND THE NATIONAL PROBLEM IN CASA-GRANDE & SENZALA

Anderson dos Santos Cordeiro — 2024-06-05

This article is derived from the monographic research that aimed to analyze "Casa-Grande & Senzala," a work published in 1933 by the sociologist and intellectual from Pernambuco, Gilberto Freyre. The work, which is about to celebrate its 91st anniversary since its first publication, has been the subject of criticism for its use of sexualized language, the relativization of colonialism, and the tensions between power and race present in the antagonisms between master and slave; senzala and casa-grande; freedom and slavery. Additionally, it emphasized its methodological and sociological contribution with the use of oral sources, field materials, and its analysis of race from a social perspective. Thus, this paper seeks to present some of the results obtained in the monograph from the racial question, more precisely from miscegenation as an object, understanding how the author situated this logic. Finally, based on some non-included inferences, we will exemplify how the naming terms are used, employed, and operated by Freyre to understand the dynamics of miscegenation and racial relations.

EDITORIAL

Giovanni Boaes — 2024-06-05

This editorial aims to present issue number 32 of the journal, highlighting both certain editorial process circumstances and the texts that constitute the corpus of this edition. This introduction intends to situate readers within the editorial context and encourage them to engage in reading.