THOMAS KUHN, MUDANÇAS DE PARADIGMA E MUDANÇAS DE MUNDO

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7443/problemata.v14i4.65624

Palavras-chave:

paradigma, mudança de mundo, Thomas Kuhn

Resumo

A Estrutura das Revoluções Científicas (1962), o clássico de Thomas Kuhn, tornou-se, no campo da filosofia da ciência, um dos livros mais influentes da segunda metade do século XX. No capítulo X, Kuhn apresenta um problema de ordem metafísica intitulado “problema da mudança de mundo”. Esse capítulo tem gerado uma extensa bibliografia em que comentadores pretendem compreender as afirmações, em princípio, paradoxais que Kuhn formula para caracterizar as revoluções científicas por meio de mudanças de paradigmas. Como ferramenta auxiliar de análise para a compreensão desse tema no âmbito dos estudos kuhnianos, proponho a divisão do capítulo X em quatro momentos argumentativos: (1) §1 ao §5; (2) §6 ao §14; (3) §15 ao §19; e (4) §20 ao §36. Essa divisão tem como objetivo, (1) explicitar o percurso do filosófo na exposição do problema e (2) apresentar a hipótese de que, particularmente no último momento argumentativo, Kuhn está questionando um aspecto fundamental da atividade científica: os dados observacionais. Nesse sentido, exploro as implicações e as consequências dessa hipótese para a própria imagem da ciência kuhniana frente à discussão contemporânea acerca de qual seria a posição do filósofo no debate realismo versus antirealismo científico e/ou metafísico.

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Referências

Bibliografia primária – Obras de Kuhn

KUHN, Thomas Samuel. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2. ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1970.

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KUHN, Thomas Samuel. Metaphor in science. In: KUHN, T. S. The Road Since Structure: philosophical essays, 1970-1993. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2000. p. 196-207.

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Bibliografia secundária

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WRAY, K. Brad. Kuhn and the Contemporary Realism/Antirealism Debates. Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 1, p. 72-92, 1 mar. 2021. University of Chicago Press. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/712945.

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Publicado

10-11-2023