RACIONALIDADE E RELATIVISMO NA ESTRUTURA?

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7443/problemata.v14i4.66827

Palavras-chave:

Racionalidade científica, Relativismo epistemológico, Incomensurabilidade, Thomas Kuhn, Gerald Doppel

Resumo

Neste artigo, examino a interpretação relativista de Gerald Doppelt acerca da concepção de racionalidade científica em The structure of scientific revolutions de Thomas Kuhn. Procuro mostrar que o relativismo de Doppelt implica que os juízos de superioridade cognitiva em uma disputa por paradigma são relativos a visões de ciência. Defendo que essa leitura inviabiliza uma explicação para o fato de que cientistas mudam de diretrizes de pesquisa com base em boas razões. Em seguida, argumento que ela não captura fases do período revolucionário. Por fim, à luz de certos aspectos da controvérsia flogisto-oxigênio, argumento que o equívoco de Doppelt foi identificar a incomensurabilidade epistemológica presente no debate entre cientistas rivais em período de ciência extraordinária com a incomensurabilidade epistemológica entre paradigmas que orientaram a comunidade científica em períodos sucessivos de ciência normal. Como alternativa, indico que os pronunciamentos de Kuhn podem ser interpretados de uma perspectiva pragmatista, a partir do qual cientistas não são prisioneiros de seus compromissos de pesquisa e situações relativistas em controvérsias científicas são transitórias.

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Publicado

10-11-2023