RUSSIA IN 1917:
WHO HELPED THE BOLSHEVIKS’ VICTORY?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2179-7137.2020v9n04.52816Palavras-chave:
Russian revolution in 1917, soldiery, townsfolk, the Bolsheviks, V.I. Lenin.Resumo
The relevance of the research is determined not only by the centenary of the Russian revolution and global political instability, but also by the attempts of overcoming the academic science’s dependence from the government propaganda. Purpose of the research is to analyze the driving forces of the revolution of 1917 and causes of the Bolsheviks’ victory. Research methods: The author uses the dialectics, positivism, principle of historicism, and deconstructivism in the paper. The selection of methods was due to avoiding party and political impact. Marxism was in use in the field of the terms like the masses, classes. Research results The study analyzed actions of social groups and individuals like townsfolk, soldiers and sailors, representatives of all-Russian and regional governing bodies. The paper provides a brief characteristics of the problem’s historiography. Th author proposes new explanation to the causes of the rise of the Bolsheviks popularity in late 1917. Practical relevance lies in the fact that this study explains meaningful and unconscious actions of the government towards possible prevention of revolutionary bursts in future.
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Referências
Archives:
State archive of the Stavropol Territory (SAST). Stock 1658. Inv. 1. Dossier 24. Sheet 173.
State archive of the Krasnodar Territory (SAKT). Stock 411. Inv. 2. Dossier 236. Sheet 2.
State archive of the Contemporary History of the Stavropol Territory (SACHST). Stock 4655. Inv. 1. Dossier 46. Sheet 1.
Documentation Center of the Contemporary History of the Krasnodar Territory (DCCHKT). Stock 2830. Inv. 1. Dossier 384. Sheet 13.
Newspapers:
Bezhavshiy vozhd’ [The fleeing leader]. Severokavkazskiy kray – North Caucasus Territory. 1917, July 23, No. 159. P. 3.
Bol’sheviki [The Bolsheviks]. Severokavkazskiy kray – North Caucasus Territory. 1917, July 13, No. 152. P. 3.
Vol’naya Kuban’ – Free Kuban. 1917, December 10, No. 137. P. 2.
Natsional’noe bedstvie [National disaster]. Moskovskie Vedomosti. 1917, July 12, No. 149. P. 1.
Rech – Speech. 1917, July 13, No. 162. P. 3.
Trud – Labor. 1917, July 13, No. 97. Pp. 3–4.
References:
1917 god v Stavropol'skoy gubernii [The year 1917 in the Stavropol province]. Edited by Golovenchenklo F. Stavropol, 1927. 102 p.
Blok A.A. Poslednie dni imperatorskoy vlasti [The las days of imperial power]. Saint Petersburg, 1921. 168 p.
Buldakov V.P. Krasnaya smuta: priroda i posledstviya revolyutsionnogo nasiliya [The Red Riot: nature and consequences of revolutionary violence]. Moscow, 1997. 376 p.
Buldakov V.P. Oktyabr'skaya revolyutsiya: sovremennaya sud'ba starykh mifov [The october revolution: contemporary destiny of old myths]. Oktyabr' 1917: Vyzovy dlya XXI veka [October 1917: Challenges for the XXI century]: proceedings of the conf. Moscow, 2009. 384 p.
B'yukenen Dzh. Memuary diplomata [My mission to Russia and other diplomatic memories]. Moscow, 1925.
Vasil'ev N.G. Transport Rossii v voyne 1914–1918 gg. [Transport in Russia during the war of 1914–1918]. Moscow, 1939. 257 p.
Gerasimenko G.A. Narod i vlast' (1917 god) [People and power (the year 1917)]. Moscow, 1995. 288 p.
Drobizhev V.Z. Estestvennoe dvizhenie naseleniya Sovetskoy Rossii v 1917–1920 gg. [Natural movement of the population of the Soviet Russia in the years 1917–1920]. Velikiy Oktyabr'. Istoriya, istoriografiya, istochnikovedenie [Great October. History, historiography, source study]: collected works. Moscow, 1978. 311 p.
Istoriya Grazhdanskoy voyny v SSSR [The history of the Civil War in the USSR]. Edited by Gor’ky M., Molotov V., Voroshilov K., Kirov S., Zhdanov A., Stalin I. In 5 vol. Vol. 1. Moscow, 1935. 349 p.
Katkov G.M. Fevral'skaya revolyutsiya [The February revolution]. Moscow, 1997. 430 p.
Kolonitskiy B. I. “Tragicheskaya erotika”: obrazy imperatorskoy sem'i v gody Pervoy Mirovoy voyny [“Tragic eroticism”: images of the imperial family during the World War I]. Moscow, 2010. 657 p.
Kuz'min N.F. Kommunisticheskaya partiya – organizator razgroma belogvardeyskikh band Denikina ;The Communist Party as the organizer of the defeat of the whiteguard bands leaded by Denikin]. Moscow, 1956. 40 p.
Ladokha G. Ocherki Grazhdanskoy bor'by na Kubani [Essays on the Civil War in the Kuban]. Krasnodar, 1923. 122 p.
Likhnitsky N.T. Klassovaya bor'ba i kulachestvo na Kubani [The class struggle and the kulaks in the Kuban]. Rostov-on-Don, 1931. 192 p.
Mel'gunov S.P. Kak bol'sheviki zakhvatili vlast': oktyabr'skiy perevorot 1917 goda; “Zolotoy nemetskiy klyuch” k bol'shevistskoy revolyutsii [How the Bolsheviks seized power: the October Revolution of 1917; “Golden German key” to the Bolshevik Revolution]. Moscow, 2007. 634 p.
Mints I.I. Istoriya Velikogo Oktyabrya. V 3 tt. T. 1. Sverzhenie samoderzhaviya [The history of the Great October. In 3 vol. Vol. 1. Overthrow of autocracy]. Moscow, 1977. 784 p.
Moskovichi S. Vek tolp. Istoricheskiy traktat po psikhologii mass [Era of the crowds. Historical treatise on the mass psychology]. Moscow, 1998. 475 p.
Nikonov V.A. Krushenie Rossii [The collapse of Russia]. Moscow, 2011. 926 p.
Oktyabr' na Donu i Severnom Kavkaze [October on the Don and the North Caucasus]. Rostov-on-Don, 1977. 302 p.
Ocherki istorii Stavropol'skogo kraya [Essays on the history of the Stavropol Territory]. Edited by Korobeynikova A.A. In 2 vol. Vol. 1. Stavropol, 1986. 462 p.
Pisarenko D.S. Terskoe kazachestvo. Tri goda revolyutsii i bor'by. 1917–1920. Materialy i vospominaniya [The Terek Cossacks. Three years of revolution and struggle. 1917–1920. Materials and memories]. Moscow, 2016. 672 p.
Porshneva O.S. Mentalitet i sotsial'noe povedenie rabochikh, krest'yan i soldat Rossii v period Pervoy mirovoy voyny (1914 - 1918) [Mentality and social behavior of workers, peasants and soldiers of Russia during the World War I (1914–1918)]: abstract of the Doct. Diss. (Hist. Sci.). Ekaterinburg, 2000. 44 p.
Razgon I. Ordzhonikidze i Kirov i bor'ba za vlast' Sovetov na Severnom Kavkaze [Ordzhonikidze and Kirov, and the struggle for power of the Soviets in the North Caucasus]. Moscow, 1941. 330 p.
Ratushnyak V.N. Kuban': 2000 let istoricheskogo puti (khronika, sobytiya, fakty) [Kuban: 2000 years of history (chronicles, events, facts)]. Krasnodar, 2000. 300 p.
Rossiya: entsiklopedicheskiy slovar’ [Russian: encyclopaedic dictionary]. Leningrad, 1991. 922 p.
Sidorov A.L. Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie v gody Pervoy mirovoy voyny [The economic situation during the World War I]. Moscow, 1973. 655 p.
Sorokin P.A. Sotsiologiya revolyutsii. Chelovek. Tsivilizatsiya. Obshchestvo [Sociology of the Revolution. Man. Civilization. Society]. Moscow, 1992. 542 p.
Tarnovsky K.N. Sovetskaya istoriografiya rossiyskogo imperializma [Soviet Hhistoriography of Russian imperialism]. Moscow, 1964. 244 p.
Ul'ko G.E. Oktyabr' na Chernomor'e: Ist. ocherk ob ustanovlenii Sovetskoy vlasti v byvshey Chernomor. Gubernii [October on the coast of the Black Sea: East. Historical essay on the establishment of Soviet power in the former Black Sea Province]. Krasnodar, 1957. 118 p.
Ul'yanov I.I. Slavnye stranitsy trudovogo kazachestva v istorii Grazhdanskoy voyny [Glorious pages of the working Cossacks in the history of the Civil War]. Moscow, 1920. 15 p.
Fel'dman M. A. Bol'shevizm: nelegkiy put' k razgadke fenomena [Bolshevism: a difficult way to deciphering the phenomenon]. Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost’ – Social Sciences and Modernity. 2015, No. 1. Pp. 100–107.
Khitrov P.I. Bor'ba za Sovetskuyu vlast' na Stavropol'e [The struggle for Soviet power in the Stavropol Territory]: Cand. Diss. (Hist. Sci.). Rostov-on-Don, 1949. 157 p.
Yanchevsky N. Kratkiy ocherk istorii revolyutsii na Yugo-Vostoke (1917–1920 gg.) [Brief essay on the history of the revolution in the South-East (1917–1920)]. Rostov-on-Don, 1924. 74 p.
McMeekin S. The Russian Revolution. A New History. New York, 2017. 445 p.
State archive of the Stavropol Territory (SAST). Stock 1658. Inv. 1. Dossier 24. Sheet 173.
State archive of the Krasnodar Territory (SAKT). Stock 411. Inv. 2. Dossier 236. Sheet 2.
State archive of the Contemporary History of the Stavropol Territory (SACHST). Stock 4655. Inv. 1. Dossier 46. Sheet 1.
Documentation Center of the Contemporary History of the Krasnodar Territory (DCCHKT). Stock 2830. Inv. 1. Dossier 384. Sheet 13.
Newspapers:
Bezhavshiy vozhd’ [The fleeing leader]. Severokavkazskiy kray – North Caucasus Territory. 1917, July 23, No. 159. P. 3.
Bol’sheviki [The Bolsheviks]. Severokavkazskiy kray – North Caucasus Territory. 1917, July 13, No. 152. P. 3.
Vol’naya Kuban’ – Free Kuban. 1917, December 10, No. 137. P. 2.
Natsional’noe bedstvie [National disaster]. Moskovskie Vedomosti. 1917, July 12, No. 149. P. 1.
Rech – Speech. 1917, July 13, No. 162. P. 3.
Trud – Labor. 1917, July 13, No. 97. Pp. 3–4.
References:
1917 god v Stavropol'skoy gubernii [The year 1917 in the Stavropol province]. Edited by Golovenchenklo F. Stavropol, 1927. 102 p.
Blok A.A. Poslednie dni imperatorskoy vlasti [The las days of imperial power]. Saint Petersburg, 1921. 168 p.
Buldakov V.P. Krasnaya smuta: priroda i posledstviya revolyutsionnogo nasiliya [The Red Riot: nature and consequences of revolutionary violence]. Moscow, 1997. 376 p.
Buldakov V.P. Oktyabr'skaya revolyutsiya: sovremennaya sud'ba starykh mifov [The october revolution: contemporary destiny of old myths]. Oktyabr' 1917: Vyzovy dlya XXI veka [October 1917: Challenges for the XXI century]: proceedings of the conf. Moscow, 2009. 384 p.
B'yukenen Dzh. Memuary diplomata [My mission to Russia and other diplomatic memories]. Moscow, 1925.
Vasil'ev N.G. Transport Rossii v voyne 1914–1918 gg. [Transport in Russia during the war of 1914–1918]. Moscow, 1939. 257 p.
Gerasimenko G.A. Narod i vlast' (1917 god) [People and power (the year 1917)]. Moscow, 1995. 288 p.
Drobizhev V.Z. Estestvennoe dvizhenie naseleniya Sovetskoy Rossii v 1917–1920 gg. [Natural movement of the population of the Soviet Russia in the years 1917–1920]. Velikiy Oktyabr'. Istoriya, istoriografiya, istochnikovedenie [Great October. History, historiography, source study]: collected works. Moscow, 1978. 311 p.
Istoriya Grazhdanskoy voyny v SSSR [The history of the Civil War in the USSR]. Edited by Gor’ky M., Molotov V., Voroshilov K., Kirov S., Zhdanov A., Stalin I. In 5 vol. Vol. 1. Moscow, 1935. 349 p.
Katkov G.M. Fevral'skaya revolyutsiya [The February revolution]. Moscow, 1997. 430 p.
Kolonitskiy B. I. “Tragicheskaya erotika”: obrazy imperatorskoy sem'i v gody Pervoy Mirovoy voyny [“Tragic eroticism”: images of the imperial family during the World War I]. Moscow, 2010. 657 p.
Kuz'min N.F. Kommunisticheskaya partiya – organizator razgroma belogvardeyskikh band Denikina ;The Communist Party as the organizer of the defeat of the whiteguard bands leaded by Denikin]. Moscow, 1956. 40 p.
Ladokha G. Ocherki Grazhdanskoy bor'by na Kubani [Essays on the Civil War in the Kuban]. Krasnodar, 1923. 122 p.
Likhnitsky N.T. Klassovaya bor'ba i kulachestvo na Kubani [The class struggle and the kulaks in the Kuban]. Rostov-on-Don, 1931. 192 p.
Mel'gunov S.P. Kak bol'sheviki zakhvatili vlast': oktyabr'skiy perevorot 1917 goda; “Zolotoy nemetskiy klyuch” k bol'shevistskoy revolyutsii [How the Bolsheviks seized power: the October Revolution of 1917; “Golden German key” to the Bolshevik Revolution]. Moscow, 2007. 634 p.
Mints I.I. Istoriya Velikogo Oktyabrya. V 3 tt. T. 1. Sverzhenie samoderzhaviya [The history of the Great October. In 3 vol. Vol. 1. Overthrow of autocracy]. Moscow, 1977. 784 p.
Moskovichi S. Vek tolp. Istoricheskiy traktat po psikhologii mass [Era of the crowds. Historical treatise on the mass psychology]. Moscow, 1998. 475 p.
Nikonov V.A. Krushenie Rossii [The collapse of Russia]. Moscow, 2011. 926 p.
Oktyabr' na Donu i Severnom Kavkaze [October on the Don and the North Caucasus]. Rostov-on-Don, 1977. 302 p.
Ocherki istorii Stavropol'skogo kraya [Essays on the history of the Stavropol Territory]. Edited by Korobeynikova A.A. In 2 vol. Vol. 1. Stavropol, 1986. 462 p.
Pisarenko D.S. Terskoe kazachestvo. Tri goda revolyutsii i bor'by. 1917–1920. Materialy i vospominaniya [The Terek Cossacks. Three years of revolution and struggle. 1917–1920. Materials and memories]. Moscow, 2016. 672 p.
Porshneva O.S. Mentalitet i sotsial'noe povedenie rabochikh, krest'yan i soldat Rossii v period Pervoy mirovoy voyny (1914 - 1918) [Mentality and social behavior of workers, peasants and soldiers of Russia during the World War I (1914–1918)]: abstract of the Doct. Diss. (Hist. Sci.). Ekaterinburg, 2000. 44 p.
Razgon I. Ordzhonikidze i Kirov i bor'ba za vlast' Sovetov na Severnom Kavkaze [Ordzhonikidze and Kirov, and the struggle for power of the Soviets in the North Caucasus]. Moscow, 1941. 330 p.
Ratushnyak V.N. Kuban': 2000 let istoricheskogo puti (khronika, sobytiya, fakty) [Kuban: 2000 years of history (chronicles, events, facts)]. Krasnodar, 2000. 300 p.
Rossiya: entsiklopedicheskiy slovar’ [Russian: encyclopaedic dictionary]. Leningrad, 1991. 922 p.
Sidorov A.L. Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie v gody Pervoy mirovoy voyny [The economic situation during the World War I]. Moscow, 1973. 655 p.
Sorokin P.A. Sotsiologiya revolyutsii. Chelovek. Tsivilizatsiya. Obshchestvo [Sociology of the Revolution. Man. Civilization. Society]. Moscow, 1992. 542 p.
Tarnovsky K.N. Sovetskaya istoriografiya rossiyskogo imperializma [Soviet Hhistoriography of Russian imperialism]. Moscow, 1964. 244 p.
Ul'ko G.E. Oktyabr' na Chernomor'e: Ist. ocherk ob ustanovlenii Sovetskoy vlasti v byvshey Chernomor. Gubernii [October on the coast of the Black Sea: East. Historical essay on the establishment of Soviet power in the former Black Sea Province]. Krasnodar, 1957. 118 p.
Ul'yanov I.I. Slavnye stranitsy trudovogo kazachestva v istorii Grazhdanskoy voyny [Glorious pages of the working Cossacks in the history of the Civil War]. Moscow, 1920. 15 p.
Fel'dman M. A. Bol'shevizm: nelegkiy put' k razgadke fenomena [Bolshevism: a difficult way to deciphering the phenomenon]. Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost’ – Social Sciences and Modernity. 2015, No. 1. Pp. 100–107.
Khitrov P.I. Bor'ba za Sovetskuyu vlast' na Stavropol'e [The struggle for Soviet power in the Stavropol Territory]: Cand. Diss. (Hist. Sci.). Rostov-on-Don, 1949. 157 p.
Yanchevsky N. Kratkiy ocherk istorii revolyutsii na Yugo-Vostoke (1917–1920 gg.) [Brief essay on the history of the revolution in the South-East (1917–1920)]. Rostov-on-Don, 1924. 74 p.
McMeekin S. The Russian Revolution. A New History. New York, 2017. 445 p.
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2020-05-30
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YU. OBORSKY, E. . RUSSIA IN 1917:: WHO HELPED THE BOLSHEVIKS’ VICTORY?. Gênero & Direito, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 04, 2020. DOI: 10.22478/ufpb.2179-7137.2020v9n04.52816. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs/index.php/ged/article/view/52816. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2024.
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