DECISION MODEL ON THE RISK FACTORS FOR LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN JOÃO PESSOA, PB

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of low birth weight in Brazil has been increasing each decade. Nowadays, 11% of children present low weight. As the newborn weight decreases the mortality rates increase, and this increase is much clearer when gestational age is lower. Objective: This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the low birth weight of children of João Pessoa, PB. Methodology: It was conducted an observational and sectional study, in which we used data from 56,904 live birth certificates from 2005 to 2009. The dependent variable was birth weight, and the independent variables were related to the gestational and maternal characteristics concerning birth and the newborn. Results: Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the variables. Birth weight average was 3.216g, ranging from 500g to 6.015g. The determinants for the underweight in children were multiple births, gender, ethnicity, appearing as a protection factor the prenatal care, the Apgar score at the fifth minute and the time of pregnancy. Conclusion: From this study it was possible to recognize the importance of prenatal and postnatal factors, showing the need for preventive care in order to reduce risk factors and to reinforce conditions that work as protective factors. DESCRIPTORS: Birth Weight. Risk Factors. Infant, Low Birth Weight.