Eco e inadequação em enunciados irônicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.1517-3100.2026v1n1.76846Palavras-chave:
Ironia verbal, Uso ecóico, Metarrepresentação, Semelhança interpretativa, Proposição literalmente expressaResumo
Diversos estudos experimentais demonstraram que as condições necessárias para a compreensão da ironia incluem a alusão a outra representação como um enunciado ou pensamento, e a inadequação contextual evidente, também denominada violação de uma máxima Griceana. Este artigo adota o modelo de compreensão inferencial da Teoria da Relevância, que propõe o ajuste mútuo e paralelo entre o conteúdo explícito e as implicaturas, a fim de investigar o papel dessas condições e, de modo mais geral, o papel da proposição literalmente expressa por um enunciado irônico para orientação do ouvinte ao longo do processo interpretativo. Sustenta-se que, embora tanto o caráter alusivo quanto a inadequação de um enunciado devam ser identificados durante o processamento, um deles pode, inicialmente, mostrar-se mais saliente e desempenhar um papel decisivo no desencadeamento de um percurso interpretativo irônico, isto é, aquele em que os principais ganhos cognitivos decorrem da exploração da semelhança com outra representação e da identificação da atitude de desaprovação do falante. Entre os casos em que a inadequação contextual evidente se mostra particularmente proeminente, dedica-se atenção especial às ironias absurdas, como Sou a Rainha de Sabá, que têm sido analisadas, no âmbito da Teoria da Relevância, como instâncias de eco da absurdidade do ato de fala precedente. Argumenta-se que tais ironias também são alusivas em nível de conteúdo, por meio de implicaturas fortes que expressam eco de pensamentos atribuídos ao autor do enunciado ou da pergunta anterior.
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