Amino acid profile and percent composition of meals and feeds used in shrimp farming
Resumo
Crustaceans don’t require a specific amount of protein but require a balanced supplementation of essential amino acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition and profile of amino acids in feed and fish meal used in shrimp farming. The samples used for the experiment were commercial feed with protein levels of 35 and 40% and fish meal and soya meal used in feed formulations. The chemical composition of the feed samples and their respective fish meal and soya meal were determined according to the AOAC methods and analyzes for obtaining amino acid profile was performed using an elution gradient in HPLC system. The percentages obtained of moisture, ash, protein, fat and fiber related the two samples of fish meal (FPA and FPB) were 4.4, 14.3, 61.8, 12.8, 0.1% and 5 , 9, 17.1, 53.9, 6.9; 0.30%, respectively. The percentages obtained of moisture, ash, protein, fat and fiber related the two samples of soy flour (FSA and FSB) were 5.5, 13.2, 46.7, 4.0, and 5.2% 5.8, 11.9, 49.0, 5.8; 4.5%, respectively. Comparing the results of amino acid profile of the feed used in this study with those determined by chemical score, it can be noted that diets A and B were not satisfactory in the content of essential amino acids, except lysine, which showed chemical score (EQ) higher than the standard. The fish meal and soya meal used in the formulation of commercial feed (RA) had amino acid profile superior to those found in meals used for obtaining commercial feed (RB).Downloads
Referências
Akiyama D and Polanco B. Semi - intensive shrimp farm management. En B. Polanco (Ed.). Technical manual. American Soybean Association, 1995. 30 p.
Anderson JS, Higgs DA, Beames RM and Rowshandeli M. Fishmeal quality assessment for Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar L.) reared in sea water. AquacultureNutrition, n. 3, p. 25–38, 1997.
Blas C, Mateos GG and Rebolar PG. Tablas de composición y valor nutritivo de alimentos para la fabricación de piensoscompuestos. 2.ed. Madri: FundaciónEspañola para elDesarrollo de laNutrición Animal – FEDNA,2003. 253p.
Boscolo WR, Hayashi C, Feiden A, Neurer F and Signor AA. Composição química e digestibilidade aparente da energia e nutrientes da farinha de resíduos da indústria de filetagem de tilápias, para a tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromisniloticus). Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.38, n.9, p.2579 – 2586, dez. 2008.
Boscolo WR. Hayashi C, Meurer F, Feiden A and Bombardelli RA. Digestibilidade aparente da energia e proteína das farinhas de resíduo da filetagem da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromisniloticus), da corvina (Plagioscionsquamosissimus) e farinha integral do camarão canela(Macrobrachiumamazonicum) para a tilápia do Nilo. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, v.33, n.1, p.8-13, jan./fev.2004.
Córdova-Murueta JH and García-Carreño FL. Nutritive value of squid and hydrolyzed protein supplement in shrimp feed.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, n.210, p.371–384, 2002.
Cruz-Suárez LE, Tapia-Salazar M, Villarreal-Cavazos D, Beltran-Rocha J, Nieto-López MG, Lemme, A and Ricque-Marie D. Apparent dry matter, energy, protein and amino acid digestibility of four soybean ingredients in white shrimp Litopenaeusvannamei juveniles. Aquaculture, Amsterdam n.292, p.87–94, 2009.
FAO/WHO/UNU. Energy and protein requeriments.Report of joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation technical report.Geneva: FAO/WHO andthe United NationsUniversity (series, 724), 1985.
Faria ACEA, Hayashi C, Galdioli EM and Soares CM. Farinha de peixe em rações para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromisniloticus(L.), linhagem tailandesa. Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, v. 23, n. 4, p. 903-908, 2001.
Fernandes JBK, Carneiro DJ and Sakomura NK. Fontes e Níveis de Proteína Bruta em Dietas para Alevinos de Pacu (Piaractusmesopotamicus). RevistaBrasileiraZootecnia, Viçosa,n.29, v.3, p.646-653, 2000
Gerber LFP, Júnior AMP and Ribeiro AML. Efeito da composição do farelo de soja sobre o desempenho e o metabolismo de frangos de corte. Revista Brasileira Zootecnia, Viçosa, v.35, n.4, p.1359-1365, 2006.
Guillaume J. Protein and amino acids.In: Crustacean Nutrition. D’Abramo LR, Conklin DE and Akiyama DM. _Eds.., Advances in World Aquaculture vol. 6 World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, p. 26–50, 1997.
Hardy RW. Alternate protein sources for salmon and trout diets. Animal Feed Science Technology, Amsterdam, v.59, p.71-80, 1996.
Hepher B. Requeriment for protein. In: Nutrition of pond fishes. Cambrige: University Press, p. 175 – 216, 1988.
Hildebrand M. Análise da estrutura dos vertebrados. São Paulo: Atheneu, 1995. 700p.
Lee SM. Apparent digestibility coefficients of various feed ingredients for juvenile and grower rockfish (Sebastesschlegeli). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, v.207, p.79 – 95, 2002.
Maina JG. Digestibility and feeding value of some feed ingredients fed to tilapia Oreochromisniloticus(L.). Aquaculture Research, Oxford, v.33, p.853-862, 2002.
McCoid V, Miget R and Finne G. Effect of environmental salinity on the free amino acid composition and concentration in penaeid shrimp.Journal of Food Science, Chicago, n.49, p.327–330, 1984.
Mendes WS, Silva IJ, Fonte DO, Rodrigue NM, Marinho PC, Silva FO, Arouca CLC and Silva FCO. Composição química e valor nutritivo da soja crua e submetida a diferentes processamentos térmicos para suínos em crescimento.Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Belo Horizonte,v.56, n.2, p.207-213, 2004.
Millamena OM. Replacement of fish meal by animal byproduct meals in a practical diet for grow-out culture of grouper Epinepheluscoiodes. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, v.204, p.75-84, 2002.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - NRC.Nutrient requirements of swine. 3.ed. Washington, D.C.: National Academy ofSciences, 1998. 189p.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - NRC.Requirements of warm water fishes and shelfishes. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1983.
Nguyen HTM, Pérez-Gálvez R and Bergé JP. Effect of diets containing tuna head hydrolysates on the survival and growth of shrimp Penaeusvannamei.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, v. 324-325, p. 127-134, 2012.
Olvera-Novoa MA. Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata) protein concentrate as replacement for fish meal in diets for tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) fry. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, v.158, p.107-116, 1997.
Rostagno HS. Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos. Viçosa: ed.UFV, 2000. 141p.
Sales J and Britz PJ. Apparent and true availability of amino acids from common feed ingredients for South African abalone (HaliotismidaeL.). Aquaculture Nutrition, v.9, p.55-64, 2003.
Sugiura SH. Utilization of fish and animal by-product meals in low-pollution feeds for rainbow trout Oncorhynchusmykiss(Walbaum).Aquaculture Research, Oxford, v.31, p.585-593, 2000.
Tacon AGJ. Feed Ingredients for warm water fish: meal and other processed feedstuffs. Rome: FAO, 1993. 64p.
Tacon AGJ. The nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp – A training manual. The essentialnutrients. Brasilia:FAO, 1990. 117p.
Zambom MA, Santos GT, Modesto, EC, Alcalde CR, Gonçalves GD, Silva DC, Silva KT and Faustino JO. Valor nutricional da casca do grão de soja, farelo de soja, milho moído e farelo de trigo para bovinos. ActaScientiarum, Maringá, v. 23, n. 4, p. 937-943, 2001
White JA, Hart R and Fry JC. An evaluation of the Waters Pico-Tag system for the amino-acid analysis of food materials.Journal of Automatic Chemistry of Clinical Laboratory Automation, v. 8, n.4, p. 170-177, 1986.
