Old Norse skaldic authority: tracing its manifestations

Authors

  • Eirik Westcoat Doctoral Candidate, University of Iceland

Abstract

Snorri contributed much to the image, prestige, and authority of poets in Old Norse vernacular literature. However, he did not originate or conclude this lionization of poets and poetry in the culture, and those who came before and after him also played their parts in establishing a robust and impressive written reputation for the poets. From almost the beginning, Old Nose vernacular literature would gradually come to exalt poets and poetry in many domains. These domains would include grammar, historic factuality, prestigious origins, mythology, narrative uses, runes, and magic.To show that, this essay surveys key Old Norse works over a two hundred year period. The works considered here have been chosen because they deal with poetry and poets in a wide variety of ways, and they are notable or represent significant developments in Icelandic literature.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bibliographical references:

Primary Sources:

BJARNI Einarsson (Ed.). Egils saga. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2003.

CLUNIES ROSS, Margaret and WELLENDORF, Jonas (Eds. and Trans.). The Fourth Grammatical Treatise. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2014.

FINNBOGI Guðmundsson (Ed.). Orkneyinga saga. Íslenzk fornrit 34. Reykjavík, Iceland: Hið íslenska fornritafélag, 1965.

FINNUR Jónsson (Ed.). Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Udgivet efter håndskrifterne. København: Gyldendalsk boghandel: 1931.

GUÐNI Jónsson (Ed.). Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar. Íslenzk fornrit 7. Reykjavík: Hið íslenska fornritfélag, 1936.

HAUGEN, Einar (Ed. and Trans.). First Grammatical Treatise. 2nd ed. London: Longman, 1972.

HREINN Benediktsson (Ed. and Trans.). The First Grammatical Treatise. Reykjavík: Institue of Nordic Linguistics, 1972.

JAKOB Benediktsson (Ed.). Íslendingabók, Landnámabók. 2 vols. Íslenzk fornrit 1. Reykjavík: Hið íslenska fornritfélag, 1968.

JÓN Helgason, and HOLTSMARK, Anne (Eds.). Háttalykill enn forni. Bibliotheca Arnamagnæana 1. København: Ejnar Munksgaard, 1941.

JÓNAS Kristjánsson (Ed.). Eyfirðinga sǫgur. Íslenzk fornrit 9. Reykjavík, Iceland: Hið íslenska fornritafélag, 1956.

[Litla Skálda]. In: Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Edda Snorronis Sturlæi, 3 vols. Hafniæ: Anamagnæani, 1848–1887, pp. 2:427–32.

MALES, Mikael. “Character, Provenance, and Use of the Icelandic Fifth Grammatical Treatise.” Arkiv for Nordisk Filologi, 2016, vol. 132, pp. 121–38.

ÓLÁFR Þórðarson. Málhljóða- og Málskrúðsrit [Third Grammatical Treatise]. FINNUR Jónsson (Ed.). Copenhagen: Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri, 1927.

SAXO Grammaticus. History of the Danes. Vol. 1. FISHER, Peter (Trans.). DAVIDSON, Hilda Ellis (Ed.). Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1979.

Skáldatal. In: Edda Snorra Sturlusonar – Edda Snorronis Sturlæi. 3 vols. Hafniæ: Anamagnæani, 1848–1887, pp. 251–86.

SNORRI Sturluson. Edda. FAULKES, Anthony (Trans.). London: Everyman, 1987.

SNORRI Sturluson. Edda: Háttatal. 2nd ed. FAULKES, Anthony (Ed.). London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2007.

SNORRI Sturluson. Edda: Prologue and Gylfaginning. 2nd ed. FAULKES, Anthony (Ed.). London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2005.

SNORRI Sturluson. Edda: Skáldskaparmál I. FAULKES, Anthony (Ed.). London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1998.

SNORRI Sturluson. Heimskringla. BJARNI Aðalbjarnarson (Ed.). 3 vols. 4th, 3rd, and 2nd eds. respectively. Íslenzk fornrit 26–28. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 2002, 2002, and 1979.

SNORRI Sturluson. Heimskringla. FINLAY, Alison and FAULKES, Anthony (Trans.). 3 vols. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2011–2015.

SNORRI Sturluson. The Uppsala Edda. HEIMIR Pálson (Ed.). FAULKES, Anthony (Trans.). London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2012.

Secondary Sources:

BOYER, Régis. “The Influence of Pope Gregory’s Dialogues on Old Icelandic Literature.” In: FOOTE, Peter; HERMANN Pálsson; and SLAY, Desmond (Eds.). Proceedings of the First International Saga Conference, University of Edinburgh, 1971. London: The Viking Society for Northern Research, 1973, pp. 1–27.

CLUNIES ROSS, Margaret. “The Art of Poetry and the Figure of the Poet in Egils saga.” In: TUCKER, John (Ed.). Sagas of the Icelanders: A Book of Essays. New York: Garland Publishing, 1989, pp. 126–45.

GÍSLI Sigurðsson. “Óláfr Þórðarson hvítaskáld and oral poetry in the West of Iceland c. 1250. The evidence of references to poetry in The Third Grammatical Treatise.” In: CLUNIES ROSS, Margaret (Ed.). Old Icelandic Literature and Society. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Literature 42. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 96–115.

GUÐRÚN Nordal. Tools of Literacy: The Role of Skaldic Verse in Icelandic Textual Culture of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001.

FRANK, Roberta. “Snorri and the mead of poetry.” In: DRONKE, Ursula; GUÐRÚN P. Helgadóttir; WEBER, Gerd Wolfgang; and BEKKER-NIELSEN, Hans (Eds.). Speculum norroenum: Norse studies in memory of Gabriel Turville-Petre. Odense: Odense University Press, 1981, pp. 155–70.

HALLBERG, Peter. Snorri Sturluson och Egils saga Skallagrimssonar: Et försök till språklig författerebestämmning. Studia Islandica 20. Reykjavík: Háskólaútgáfan, 1962.

HOLTSMARK, Anne. “Det Norrøne Ord Lúðr.” Maal og minne, 1946, vol. 38, no. 1–2, pp. 48–65.

JØRGENSEN, Jon Gunnar. The Lost Vellum Kringla. Grønlie, Siân (Trans.). CHESNUTT, Michael, and LOUIS-JENSEN, Jonna (Eds.). Bibliotheca Arnamagnæana 45. Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzels Forlag, 2007.

KNIRK, James E. “Runes from Trondheim and a Stanza by Egill Skalla-Grímsson.” In: UECKER, Heiko (Ed.). Studien zum Altgermanischen: Festschrift für Heinrich Beck. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1994, pp. 411–20.

LÖNNROTH, Lars. “The Riddles of the Rök-Stone: A Structural Approach.” Arkiv for Nordisk Filologi, 1977, vol. 92, pp. 1–57. Reprinted in: The Academy of Odin: Selected Papers on Old Norse Literature. Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark, 2011, pp 279–355.

MALES, Mikael. “Egill och Kormákr — tradering och nydiktning.” Maal og Minne , 2011, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 115–46.

MALES, Mikael. “Skáldskaparmál as a Tool for Composition of Pseudonymous Skaldic Poetry.” In: CHASE, Martin (Ed.). Eddic, Skaldic, and Beyond: Poetic Variety in Medieval Iceland and Norway. New York: Fordham University Press, 2014, pp. 62–74.

MALES, Mikael. Snorre och Sagorna: De Isländska Källorna till Vår Äldre Kulturhistoria. Stockholm: Dialogos Förlag, 2017.

ÖRNÓLFUR Thorsson. “Introduction.” In: SCUDDER, Bernard (Trans.). The Saga of Grettir the Strong. London: Penguin Books, 2005, pp. ix–xxxvii.

SIGURÐUR Nordal. “Fórmali.” In: SIGURÐUR Nordal (Ed.). Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar. Íslenzk fornrit 2. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 1933, pp. v–cv.

SOLVIN, Inger Helene. “Litla Skálda — Islands første poetiske avhandling?” Master’s thesis, University of Oslo, 2015. Extracted from <http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-50303>.

TRANTER, Stephen N. Clavis Metrica: Háttatal, Háttalykill and the Irish Metrical Tracts. Frankfurt: Helbing & Lichtenhahn Verlag, 1997.

WANNER, Kevin J. Snorri Sturluson and the Edda: The Conversion of Cultural Capital in Medieval Scandinavia. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008.

WESSEN, Elias. “Introduction.” In: MUNKSGAARD, Einar (Ed.). Codex Regius of the Younger Edda: MS No. 2367 4° in the Old Royal Library of Copenhagen. Corpus Codicum Islandicorum Medii Ævi 14. Copenhagen: Einar Munksgaard, 1940, pp. 5–32.

WHALEY, Diana. Heimskringla: An Introduction. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1991.

WHALEY, Diana. “Skalds and Situational Verses in Heimskringla.” In: WOLF, Alois (Ed.). Snorri Sturluson: Kolloquium anläßlich der 750. Wiederkehr seines Todestages. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1993, pp. 245–66.

Downloads

Published

2019-09-21

Issue

Section

Articles (Free Article Section)