Empreendedorismo como Prática: o Empreendedorismo Cultural da Prática Festiva do Pagode na Baiano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21714/2238-104X2019v9i2-43231Keywords:
Empreendedorismo, Empreendedorismo Cultural, Prática, Etnografia, MúsicaAbstract
Marcado tradicionalmente pelo positivismo e individualismo metodológico, o empreendedorismo começa a ser repensado e ampliado teoricamente. Uma das lentes usadas para esta ampliação é a da epistemologia da prática. Apesar dos estudos baseados em prática serem predominantes em diversos temas da Administração (aprendizagem, liderança, estratégia), no campo de pesquisas sobre empreendedorismo esses estudos estão ainda em ascensão em contexto internacional sendo escassos em estudos brasileiros. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é discutir, ampliar e consolidar um entendimento do empreendedorismo como prática. No arranjo teórico, focamos no empreendedorismo cultural e combinamos estudos sobre empreendedorismo com estudos baseados em prática. Empiricamente, focamos no empreendedorismo cultural do setor musical, em especial, o que envolve o pagode na Bahia. Pela sua efervescência no cotidiano das comunidades, nas controvérsias que suscita e nas variações estilísticas que permite, esse estímulo musical pode nos ajudar a melhor entender a complexidade das práticas que são o empreendedorismo. A metodologia da pesquisa apoia-se em uma etnografia estética de uma experiência de empreendedorismo musical do pagode na Bahia.Downloads
References
Baia, S. F (2011). A historiografia da música popular no Brasil (1971-1999). São Paulo: Departamento de História, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo (tese de doutorado).
Banks, M., Gill, R. & Taylor, S. (2014). Theorizing Cultural Work. Labour, Continuity and Change in the Cultural and Creative Industries. Abingdon: Routledge.
Banks, M., Lovatt, A., Connor, J. O., & Raffo, C. (2000). Risk and trust in the cultural industries. Geoforum, 31(4), 453–464.
Borges, A. F.; Brito, M. & Lima, J.B. (2016). Entrepreneuring: Conceiving the Phenomenon of Entrepre-neurship as a Practice. XL Encontro da Anpad. Bahia.
Borges, A. F.; Lima, J. B. & Silvestre, J. (2018). Empreendedorismo como prática: o caso de uma organi-zação produtora de cachaça artesanal. XXI Semead. São Paulo.
Bureau, s. & Zander, I (2014). Entrepreneurship as an art of subversion. Scandinavian Journal of Mana-gement, 30(1), p. 124–133.
Busenitz, L. W., Plummer, L. A., Klotz, A. C., Shahzad, A., & Rhoads, K. (2014). Entrepreneurship Research (1985-2009) and the Emergence of Opportunities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(5), 981-1000.
Busenitz, L.W., West, G.P., Shepherd, D., Nelson, T., Chandler, G.N., & Zacharakis, A. (2003). Entrepre- neurship research in emergence: Past trends and future directions. Journal of Management, 29, 285–308.
Castro, A. A. (2011). Axé Music: Mitos, Verdades e World Music. In: A larga barra da baía: essa provín-cia no contexto do mundo [online]. Salvador: EDUFBA. p. 242–237.
Certeau, M. (2013). A invenção do cotidiano: artes de fazer. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, p.322.
Certeau, M. (2012). A cultura no plural. Campinas, SP: Papirus, p.253.
Certeau, M. (2011). A invenção do cotidiano: morar; cozinhar. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, p.322.
Chagas, L. (2016). Corpo, Dança e letras: Um Estudo Sobre a Cena Musical do Pagode Baiano e suas Mediações. Salvador, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências Professor Milton Santos (dissertação de mestrado).
Cook, S. D. N., & Brown, J. S. (1999). Bridging Epistemologies: The Generative Dance Between Organiza-tional Knowledge and Organizational Knowing. Organization Science, 10(4), 381–400.
Corradi, G.; Gherardi, S. & Verzelloni, L. (2010). Through the practice lens: where is the bandwagon of practice-based studies heading? Management Learning, 41(3), p. 265-283.
Davel, E.P.B. & Cora, M. A. J. (2016). Empreendedorismo cultural cultura como discurso, criação e con-sumo simbólico. Políticas Culturais em Revista. 9, p. 363–397.
De Clercq. D. & Voronov, M. (2014). Toward a Practice Perspective of Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneu-rial Legitimacy as Habitus. International Small Business Journal, 27(4), p. 395–419.
Dewey, J. (1950). Aesthetic Experience as a Primary Phase and as an Artistic Development. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 9(1), 56-58.
DiMaggio, P. & Powell, W. (2005), “A gaiola de ferro revisitada: isomorfismo institucional e racionali-dade coletiva nos campos organizacionais”, Revista de Administração de Empresas, 45(2). p. 74-89.
Elias, S. R. S. T. A. et al. (2018). The Aesthetics of Entrepreneurship: How Arts Entrepreneurs and their Customers Co-create Aesthetic Value. Organization Studies, 39(2–3), p. 345–372.
Ellmeier, A. (2003). Cultural Enterpreneurialism: on the changing relationship between the arts, culture and employment. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 9(1), p. 1–15.
Feldman, M. S. & Orlikowski, W. J. (2011). Theorizing Practice and Practicing Theory. Organization Science, 22(5), p. 1240–1253.
Fachin, F. F., & Davel, E. (2015). Reconciling contradictory paths: identity play and work in a career transition. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 28(3), 396–392.
Feldman, M. S., & Orlikowski, W. J. (2011). Theorizing Practice and Practicing Theory. Organization Science, 22(5), 1240–1253.
Frith, S.; Cloonan, M. & Williamson, J. On music as a creative industry. In: Pratt, A. C. e Jeffcutt, P. (Ed.). (2009) Creativity, Innovation and the Cultural Economy. London: Routledge.
Gagliardi, P. (2006). Exploring the Aesthetic Side of Organizational Life. In T. S. Clegg, C. Hardy (Ed.), The Sage Handbook of Organization Studies (pp. 701–724).
Gartner, W. B. et al. (2016). Entrepreneurship as practice: grounding contemporary practice theory into entrepreneurship studies. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 28(9–10), p. 813–816.
Gherardi, S. (2013). Prática? É uma Questão de Gosto! Revista Interdisciplinar de Gestão Social, 2(1), p. 107–124.
Gherardi, S (2006). Organizational Knowledge: The Texture of Workplace Learning. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Gherardi, S., Nicolini, D., Strati, A. (2007). The Passion for Knowing. Organization, 14(3), 315–329.
Godi, A (2005). Performance Afro-Musical: Legitimação e Pertencimento no Contexto Eletrônico. Dis-ponível em: http://www.videobrasil.org.br/pan_africana/ENSAIO_GODI.pdf. Acessado em: 24/06/2018.
Goss, D., Jones, R., Betta, M., & Latham, J. (2011). Power as practice: A micro-sociological analysis of the dynamics of emancipatory entrepreneurship. Organization Studies, 32(2), p. 211–229.
Gubrium, J. F., & Holstein, J. A. (2009). Analyzing narrative reality. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Guerra, J. R. F., & Paiva Júnior, F. G. d. (2014). O Empreendedorismo no Campo da Produção Cultural: analisando a dimensão privada da ação empreendedora no audiovisual. Revista Livre de Cinema, 1(2), 55-73.
Guerreiro Ramos, A. (1989). A nova ciência das organizações: uma reconceituação da riqueza das nações. São Paulo: Editora da FGV.
Hartley, J., Wen, W., & Li, H. S. (2015). Creative Economy and Culture: Challenges, Changes and Futures for the Creative Industries. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Henry, C., & Bruin, A. d. (Eds.). (2011). Entrepreneurship and the creative economy: process, practice and policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Hjorth, D. & Steyaert, C. (Ed.) (2009). The politics and aesthetics of entrepreneurship. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Hjorth, D. (2003). Rewriting Entrepreneurship: for a new perspective on organisational creativity. Co-penhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press.
Hjorth, D. (2013). Absolutely fabulous! Fabulation and organization-creation in processes of becoming-entrepreneur. Society and Business Review, 8, 205–224.
Hockey, J., & Allen-Collinson, J. (2009). The sensorium at work: the sensory phenomenology of the working body. The Sociological Review, 2(52), 217–239.
Johannisson, B. (2011). Towards a practice theory of entrepreneuring. Small Business Economics, 36(2), p. 135–150.
Jones, C., Lorenzen, M., & Sapsed, J. (Eds.). (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Creative Industries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Khaire, M. (2017). Culture and Commerce: the Value of Entrepreneurship in Creative Industries. Stan-ford: Stanford University Press.
Klamer, A. (2011). Cultural entrepreneurship. Review of Austrian Economics, 24(2), p. 141–156.
Lash, S., & Urry, J. (1994). Economies of signs and space. London: Sage Publications.
Latour, B. (1994). Jamais fomos modernos. São Paulo: Editora 34.
Lave, j.; Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lawrence, & W. Nord (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of organization studies (pp. 701–725). London, UK: SAGE Publications.
Leme, M. N. (2003). Breve inventário da “vertente maliciosa” na história da música popular no Brasil. São Paulo: Annablume.
Lindqvist, K. (2011). Artist entrepreneurs. In: Scherdin, M.; Zander, I. (Ed.). Art entrepreneurship. Chel-tenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Lingo, E. L., & Tepper, S. J. (2013). Looking Back, Looking Forward: Arts-Based Careers and Creative Work. Work and Occupations, 40(4), 337–363.
Maitlis, S. (2012). Narrative analysis. In G. Symon & C. Cassell (Eds.), Qualitative organizational rese-arch: core methods and current challenges. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Moura, M. (1996). Esses pagodes impertinentes: algumas reflexões sobre o sofisticado e o vulgar no âmbito da música popular em Salvador. Textos de Cultura e Comunicação. Salvador. FACOM. UFBA n.36, p.53-66.
Nicolini, D. (2009). Zooming In and Out: Studying Practices by Switching Theoretical Lenses and Trai-ling Connections. Organization Studies, 30(12), 1391–1418.
Nicolini, D.; Gherardi, S. & Yanow, D. (2003). Knowing in organizations: a practicebased approach. New York: M. E. Sharpe.
Oliveira, M. C. & Campos, M. DE F. H. (2016). Carnaval, Identidade Negra e Axé Music em Salvador na Segunda Metade do Século XX. Textos escolhidos de cultura e arte populares (TECAP), 13(2), p. 70–84.
Orlikowski, W. J. (2002). Knowing in practice: enacting a collective capability in distributed organizing. Organization Science, 13(3), p.249-273.
Paiva Júnior, F. G. d., Guerra, J. R. F., & Almeida, S. L. d. (2012). A Dimensão Pública da Ação do Empre-endedor Cultural na Produção de Cinema. Cadernos de Estudos Sociais, 27(1), 155-170.
Pink, S. (2015). Doing sensory ethnography. London: Sage Publications. 2nd.
Polanyi, K., (2012). A subsistência do homem – e ensaios correlatos, Rio de Janeiro, Contraponto.
Preece, S. B. (2011). Performing Arts Entrepreneurship: Toward a Research Agenda. The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society, 41(2), 103–120.
Rentschler, R. (2007). Painting equality: female artists as cultural entrepreneurial marketers. Equal Opportunities International, 26(7), p. 665–677.
Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the human sciences. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Sarasvathy, S. (2001). Toward Causation and Effectuation: A Theoritical Shift From Inevitability to Economic Entrepreneurial Contingency. The Academy of Management Review, 26(2), p. 243–263.
Schatzki, T. R. (2006). On organizations as they happen. Organization Studies, 27(12), p. 1863–1873.
Schatzki, T. R. (2001). Introduction: practice theory. In: Schatzi, T. R.; Knorr-Cetina, K.; Savigny, E. Von. The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory. London: Routledge.
Schatzki, T.R., Knorr-cetina, K. & Von Savigny, E. (2001). The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory. London: Routledge.
Scherdin, M. & Zander, I. (2011). Art entrepreneurship. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Shane, S. & Venkataraman, S. (2001). Entrepreneurship as a field of research: A response to Zahra and Dess, Singh, and Erikson. Academy of Management Review, 26, 13–16.
Schildt, H.A., Zahra, S.A., & Sillanpaa, A. (2006). Scholarly communities in entrepreneurship research: A co-citation analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30, 399–415.
Souza, M. B. D. (2015). Mexe o balaio: um olhar sobre o pagode baiano. Prelúdios, 4(4), p. 123–135.
Spilling, O. R. (1996). The Entrepreneurial System: On Entrepreneurship in the Context of a Mega-Event. Norwegan School of Management, n. 36, p. 91–103.
Spink, M. J. (Org.). (2004). Práticas discursivas e produção de sentidos no cotidiano: aproximações teóricas e metodológicas. São Paulo: Cortez.
Steyaert, C. (2007). “Entrepreneuring” as a conceptual attractor? A review of process theories in 20 years of entrepreneurship studies. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 19(6), p. 453–477.
Steyaert, C., & Hjorth, D. (2003). Creative movements of entrepreneurship. In C. Steyaert & D. Hjorth (Eds.), New movements in entrepreneurship. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Steyaert, C., & Katz, J. (2004). Reclaiming the space of entrepreneurship in society: Geographical, dis-cursive and social dimensions. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 16(3), 179–196.
Strati, A. (2009). ‘Do you do beautiful things?’: Aesthetics and art in qualitative methods of organization studies. In D. Buchanan & A. Bryman (Eds.), Handbook of organizational research methods (pp. 230– 245). London, UK: SAGE Publications.
Strati, A. (2007a). Sensible Knowlodge and Practice Based Learning. Management Learnirng, 38(1), p. 61–77.
Strati. A. (2007b). Organização e Estética. Rio de Janeiro: Editora FGV.
Taylor, S. S., & Hansen, H. (2005). Finding form: Looking at the field of organizational aesthetics. Journal of Management Studies, 42(6), 1211–1231.
Terjesen, S. & Elam, A. (2009). Transnational Entrepreneurs’ Venture Internationalization Strategies: A Practice Theory Approach. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(5), p. 1093–1120.
Vale, G. M. V. (2014). Empreendedor: Origens, Concepções Teóricas, Dispersão e Integração. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 18(6), 874–89.
Van Maanen, J. (1988). Tales of the field: on writing ethnography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Watson, T. J. (2013). Entrepreneurship in action: Bringing together the individual, organizational and institutional dimensions of entrepreneurial action. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 25(5–6), p. 404–422.
Vogt, S., Bulgacov, Y. L. M., & Elias, S. R. S. T. A. (2019). Entrepreneurial Learning in Practice: Fragments of Aesthetic-Sensible Knowledge in Entrepreneurs' Life Trajectory. Paper presented at the 4th Annual Entrepreneurship as Practice Conference, Nantes, France.
Vogt, S., & Bulgacov, Y. L. M. (2018). Aprender, Empreender e Aprender: a Perspectiva da Prática para o Entendimento do Processo da Aprendizagem Empreendedora. Revista Da Micro e Pequena Empresa, 12(3), 28–43.
Werthes, D.; Mauer, R. & Brettel. M. (2017). Cultural and creative entrepreneurs: understanding the role of entrepreneurial identity. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 24(1), p. 290–314.
Wilson, N., & Stokes, D. (2002). Cultural entrepreneurs and creating exchange. Journal of Research in Marketing Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 37–52.
