AVALIAÇÃO DO GRAU DE PROTEÇÃO DAS NASCENTES DE DRENAGENS DO ALTO CURSO DO RIO PACOTI (CEARÁ/BRASIL)

Abstract

Studies involving the hydrological theme are essential to understand the dynamics surrounding the cyclic processes of water. Ensuring water supply is a challenge for human society. In this context, springs are central ecosystems in terms of distribution and supply of water. This research aimed to study the springs, placing the theme in the legal and practical context of conservation of these environments. For the development of the study, the upper course of the Pacoti River was framed, which is inserted in the Massif of Baturité, in the state of Ceará. Field work was carried out for the spatial survey of the springs, as well as the subsequent environmental assessment after determining the degree of protection. To achieve these results, the Environmental Impact Index on Springs – IIAN was applied, with which macroscopic parameters are evaluated. The methodology was applied in 19 springs, using the criterion of preservation of the natural aspects necessary for the development of the analysis. It was possible to make observations about the use of springs on private properties, especially the practice of inserting pipes in the exfiltration site, completely disrupting the flow of natural drainage downstream. These uses were discussed observing the legal provision inserted in the Brazilian Forest Code. The relevance of studies that try to raise spatial and environmental information on springs was verified, since the degradation of these areas can possibly impact the entire surface hydrographic network.