TRANSIÇÃO ENERGÉTICA E GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DO PANORAMA NACIONAL E INTERNACIONAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.1982-3878.2024v18n1.66519Abstract
The purpose of this work was to analyze the main advantages and disadvantages of solar photovoltaic energy in Brazil and in the five countries that most produce it. For that, we conducted a systematic review in scientific papers, considering only the environmental sciences field, published in free-access databases in the period from 2016 to 2021, with Qualis Capes (evaluation - 2013 to 2016) between the A1 and B2 strata, written in Portuguese and English. We selected 3,026 papers, of which 62 met the research criteria. We identified 26 advantages, and the most cited were: absence/low emission of greenhouse gases; possibility of use in remote areas, alternative locations, and for different economic activities; high cost-effectiveness considering the life cycle; diversification of the electric matrix, and the fact that it is a clean, abundant, and reliable energy resource. We identified 18 disadvantages, and the most cited were: high initial cost; need to increase appropriate regulations for non-economic barriers that may hinder the effectiveness of policies and support schemes; lack of business models for private sector financing; dependence on climate conditions/operation for a limited period. The survey data showed that the number of citations and the amount of advantages are much higher than the disadvantages, which suggests the high potential of using solar photovoltaic energy and its socio-environmental and economic benefits.



