O CICLO DA BORRACHA E A APROPRIAÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO AMAZÔNICO: RESISTÊNCIA INDÍGENA E MIGRAÇÃO NORDESTINA PARA A AMAZÔNIA

Abstract

This article aims to present a theoretical review of the appropriation of the Amazonian territory starting from the rubber cycle, especially from the 19th century onwards. This process further reconfigured the Amazon region through the insertion of new actors, promoting its integration into the global circuits of industrial capitalism, intensifying territorial conflicts, stimulating internal migrations (such as that from the Brazilian Northeast), and triggering new forms of resistance. Thus, the objective of this paper is to discuss the socio-spatial transformations of the Amazon region stemming from rubber exploitation and northeastern migration, highlighting the historical continuity of processes of violence, resistance, and the (re)invention of ways of life in the Amazon. Methodologically, this study is based on a review of critical literature on the topic, prioritizing authors who address the historical processes of Amazonian exploitation, the dynamics of the extractivist economy, and the forms of resistance by Indigenous peoples and migrants. Both classical and recent texts were analyzed, addressing historical, economic, social, and geopolitical aspects of the territorial formation of the Amazon.