Securitização Política no Brasil e Peru

Raízes, Semelhanças, Diferenças e o Fenômeno da Polarização

Abstract

This study explores the roots of political polarization in Brazil and Peru, using the lens of securitization theory to understand the political crises in the Brazilian elections of 2018 and 2022 and the Peruvian elections of 2021. The States share a similar political and military past, guiding securitizing agents today. It stands out the attempts to securitize elections and political institutions in both States. Securitizing agents use the strategy of evoking memories and fears of the past to take extraordinary measures against undesirable institutions and individuals. Individuals linked to Bolsonarism and Fujimorism have become the main exponents of this type of anti-institutional discourse in their respective States, however, with varying degrees of success. Brazilian institutions have proven to be more solid than the Peruvians in the face of securitization attempts, although both have problems related to their organization and internal political legitimacy. This demonstrates the various challenges that both democracies have faced since their re-democratization. Both face a similar authoritarian past that has not yet been fully overcome, and therefore, must be analyzed to better understand it in order to emancipate themselves from it in the future.