História, nacionalismo e democracia

Mito e narrativa na Hungria “iliberal” de Viktor Orbán

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2317-6725.2024v29n50.71514

Palavras-chave:

Fidesz, Hungria, Nacionalismo, Trianon, Horthy, Orbán

Resumo

Esse artigo estuda a relação entre discurso nacionalista e a “virada iliberal” da Hungria a partir da eleição do partido Fidesz, de Viktor Orbán, no pleito de 2010, até 2015. Ele começa examinando os argumentos de autores como Jeffrey Alexander, Quentin Skinner e Tapio Juntunen para poder estabelecer um quadro teórico sobre como atores políticos constroem e manipulam mitos históricos para os seus próprios interesses políticos. Ele então passa a examinar como Orbán especificamente usou e construiu narrativas acerca do Tratado de Trianon e de Miklós Horthy, o líder húngaro do entreguerras. O artigo então argumenta que além de permitir que Orbán criasse uma barreira defensiva contra qualquer tipo de crítica de atores internacionais e domésticos, essas interpretações acerca da história húngara restauram a proeminência de uma abordagem “populista-urbanista” do entreguerras e permitem que Orbán crie uma imagem exclusiva do nacionalismo húngaro. Isso então acaba servindo para legitimar o presidente húngaro e o seu partido ao mesmo tempo em que negam aos partidos de oposição quaisquer chances de reivindicar-se como representantes do povo húngaro.

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Biografia do Autor

Michael Toomey, University of Glasgow

Michael Toomey é professor de Política e Relações Internacionais na Universidade de Glasgow. Ele possui doutorado em Temas Globais na Universidade Rutgers (2015). O professor exerceu a docência nas universidades de Aberystwyth, Reading, Limerick e Wenzhou-Kean. Ele atualmente é professor de Defesa da Democracia na União Europeia, Direitos Humanos na Política Global e Relações  Internacionais. Fonte: https://theconversation.com/profiles/michael-toomey-1397424. Acesso em 23 set 2024.

Fernando Cauduro Pureza, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Professor Adjunto da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação de História pela Universidade Federal da Paraíba (PPGH-UFPB). Coordenador do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em História do Trabalho (GEPEHTO). Coordenador do projeto Observatório da Ásia (OASIA-UFRN).

Referências

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Publicado

2024-10-01

Como Citar

TOOMEY, M.; PUREZA, F. C. História, nacionalismo e democracia: Mito e narrativa na Hungria “iliberal” de Viktor Orbán. Sæculum - Revista de História, [S. l.], v. 29, n. 50, p. 223–245, 2024. DOI: 10.22478/ufpb.2317-6725.2024v29n50.71514. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/srh/article/view/71514. Acesso em: 14 nov. 2024.