Human Nature According to Thomas Aquinas and Its Implications for Today's Social Life

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18012/arf.v11i1.73613

Palavras-chave:

Thomas Aquinas, human nature, natural law, social life, virtue, historical materialism, ethics, Vietnam

Resumo

Abstract: This article investigates Thomas Aquinas’s conceptualization of human nature, which emerges from a sophisticated synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Christian theology, and explores its relevance to contemporary social existence. Aquinas posits humanity as a "rational animal," inherently disposed toward the common good, governed by natural law, and oriented toward ultimate fulfillment in divine communion (Aquinas, 1265-1274). Through an analysis of primary texts and secondary scholarship, this study elucidates how Aquinas’s perspective—rooted in reason, virtue, and communal harmony—provides a compelling framework for addressing modern societal dilemmas, including rampant individualism, moral disintegration, and pervasive social inequities. The findings reveal that Aquinas’s theoretical construct champions a harmonious equilibrium between individual autonomy and collective obligation, presenting a stark counterpoint to the dominant paradigms of secular liberalism and utilitarianism in today’s intellectual landscape. Central implications of this inquiry encompass the revitalization of virtues to foster social solidarity, a nuanced rearticulation of natural law within a pluralistic framework, and the practical application of Aquinas’s philosophy to pressing ethical concerns-such as social justice and environmental stewardship—with particular resonance for contemporary Vietnam.

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Biografia do Autor

Pham Thi Kien, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City – UEH

Associate Professor, PhD. University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City – UEH.

Referências

Aquinas, T. (1947). Summa Theologica (Fathers of the English Dominican Province, Trans.). Benziger Bros.

Aristotle. (2009). Nicomachean ethics (W. D. Ross, Trans.). Oxford University Press.

Bentham, J. (1776). A fragment on government. Oxford University Press.

Finnis, J. (1980). Natural law and natural rights. Oxford University Press.

Kenny, A. (1994). Aquinas on mind. Routledge.

Kretzmann, N., & Stump, E. (Eds.). (1993). The Cambridge companion to Aquinas. Cambridge University Press.

Locke, J. (1988). Two treatises of government (P. Laslett, Ed.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1689).

MacIntyre, A. (1981). After virtue: A study in moral theory. University of Notre Dame Press.

Pieper, J. (1966). The four cardinal virtues: Prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance. University of Notre Dame Press.

Porter, J. (1999). Natural and divine law: Reclaiming the tradition for Christian ethics. Eerdmans Publishing.

Stump, E. (2003). Aquinas. Routledge.

Taylor, C. (1989). Sources of the self: The making of the modern identity. Harvard University Press.

World Bank. (2016). Vietnam 2035: Toward prosperity, creativity, equity, and democracy. World Bank Group.

Arquivos adicionais

Publicado

2024-05-11

Como Citar

Kien, P. T. (2024). Human Nature According to Thomas Aquinas and Its Implications for Today’s Social Life. Aufklärung: Journal of Philosophy, 11(1), p.239–252. https://doi.org/10.18012/arf.v11i1.73613

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