ISSUES OF JUDICIAL ORGANIZATION AND JURISDICTION OF COURTS OF FIRST INSTANCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2179-7137.2019v8n7.49997Palavras-chave:
composition of crimes, jurisdiction of the magistrate, simplified (summary) production, simplified (accelerated) proceedings, maximum sanctions.Resumo
The United Nations obliges the national legislator to pay particular attention to issues of jurisdiction through the International Documents. These obligations are specified in clause 1 of Article 14 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and in clause 1 of Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It is the duty of states to guarantee rights to a fair public hearing by a competent court without delay. Jurisdiction issues, i.e. competencies of criminal courts in the Russian Federation, are regulated by Article 31 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. The rules of this article are of great importance. Thus, the fulfillment of the requirements of Article 31 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation consists in the fact that if the rules of this article are violated, this automatically leads to the sentence cancellation and the re-examination of the criminal case. Similar serious attention is paid to the legislator of the Republic of Estonia. The legal system of this country is part of the Romano-German legal family, having peculiar differences. In order to alleviate the workload of the courts of first instance, offenses were singled out in the Criminal Code as an independent form of punishment, and the simplified (summary) proceedings were also stipulated for application.
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