Challenges of the 21st Century

The Rise of Cyberpower and the Definition of a Brazilian Cyber Strategy

Abstract

The rise of cyber has brought new challenges for states in protecting their sovereignties and the security of their populations. Technology is increasingly linked to the projection of power in the International System, making Cybersecurity a field of global interest. Although there is no declared cyberwar, frequent attacks on critical systems of states, companies, and organizations generate fear. This study aims to understand the main cyber concepts — cyberpower, cyberspace, cyberwar, etc. — and their importance for International Relations (IR) today. Additionally, it seeks to understand Brazil's strategic paths in the cyber domain and the challenges faced. For this purpose, the methodology adopted was a descriptive case study. Furthermore, a systematic literature review determines the data collection methods used. In November 2009, the Ministry of Defense designated the Army to lead the cyber sector, with operational capabilities for protection, attack, and cyber exploration. The Brazilian strategy faces limitations in identifying and attributing responsibility for cyberattacks. The analysis of the Cyber Defense strategy reveals that institutions are still not fully prepared to face conflicts in cyberspace, highlighting the need for improvement in response and protection capabilities.