História, nacionalismo e democracia
Mito e narrativa na Hungria “iliberal” de Viktor Orbán
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2317-6725.2024v29n50.71514Mots-clés :
Fidesz, Hungria, Nacionalismo, Trianon, Horthy, OrbánRésumé
Esse artigo estuda a relação entre discurso nacionalista e a “virada iliberal” da Hungria a partir da eleição do partido Fidesz, de Viktor Orbán, no pleito de 2010, até 2015. Ele começa examinando os argumentos de autores como Jeffrey Alexander, Quentin Skinner e Tapio Juntunen para poder estabelecer um quadro teórico sobre como atores políticos constroem e manipulam mitos históricos para os seus próprios interesses políticos. Ele então passa a examinar como Orbán especificamente usou e construiu narrativas acerca do Tratado de Trianon e de Miklós Horthy, o líder húngaro do entreguerras. O artigo então argumenta que além de permitir que Orbán criasse uma barreira defensiva contra qualquer tipo de crítica de atores internacionais e domésticos, essas interpretações acerca da história húngara restauram a proeminência de uma abordagem “populista-urbanista” do entreguerras e permitem que Orbán crie uma imagem exclusiva do nacionalismo húngaro. Isso então acaba servindo para legitimar o presidente húngaro e o seu partido ao mesmo tempo em que negam aos partidos de oposição quaisquer chances de reivindicar-se como representantes do povo húngaro.
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