Marxismo reformado: história e debates fundamentais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18012/arf.v12i2.77340Keywords:
Neomarxismo, variantes teóricas, globalização, desigualdades sociais, poder-ideologiaAbstract
Este artigo aborda a evolução dos fundamentos clássicos do marxismo até às releituras contemporâneas, tanto na tradição ocidental quanto na tradição oriental. A partir de uma análise crítica de conceitos e estudos comparativos, o artigo aborda uma visão sistemática de variantes marxistas que se sobressaíram na história do pensamento, dentre as quais as quais a visão soviética, a visão chinesa, a visão vietnamita, bem como suas aplicações no sudeste asiático, o marxismo ocidental, o eco-marxismo, o marxismo da era digital, o marxismo feminista e o marxismo pós-colonial. O artigo também aborda leituras centrais referentes à relação entre agência e estrutura, base econômica e superestrutura, a natureza da ideologia, o papel do estado, bem como a dinâmica da exploração de classes, assim como a guinada revolucionária. Nesse sentido, destaca-se como as transformações do séc. XXI, as mudanças climáticas, o capitalismo da era digital, as migrações globais, a política identititárista, bem como o aumento das desigualdades sociais, trazem novos desafios que exigem da teoria marxista novas alternativas. Resumindo estas variáveis, o artigo lança luz tanto nas vantagens quanto nas desvantagens do pensamento marxista, ao argumentar que, enquanto o marxismo continua a oferecer um suporte abrangente para análise das desigualdades sociais e para as contradições do capitalismo, ele precisa, ao mesmo tempo, trazer em conta as contribuições da ecologia, do feminismo, do pós-colonialismo, aalém daquelas da tecnologia da informação, a fim de manter sua capacidade intelectual atual e analiticamente forte no mundo contemporâneo.
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