Rumo a uma teoria do pensamento atualizada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18012/arf.2016.28457Keywords:
Esquemas formais, inferência, lógica mental, pensamento, sintaxeAbstract
No final do século XX, a versão final da teoria lógica da mente foi apresentada. Ela era constituída por uma aproximação formal e sintática que objetivava descrever e explicar a habilidade de inferências humanas. Tendo em vista vários resultados experimentais obtidos nos útimos anos que fogem ao escopo desta teoria, podemos afirmar que ela, hoje, encontrase desatualizada. Neste artigo, objetivamos atualizar alguns aspectos particulares da teoria lógica da mente em relação com evidências empíricas recentes e argumentos oriundos da literatura especilaizada. Tais aspectos se referem aos símbolos que ela deveria adotar, ao esquema essencial e ao modo no qual ela pode conviver com suas negações.Downloads
References
BARNES, J.; BOBZIEN, S.; & MIGNUCCI, M. Logic. In: ALGRA, K.; BARNES, J.; MANSFELD, J.; SCHOFIELD, M. eds. The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 77-225, 2008.
BETH, E. W.; PIAGET, J. Mathematical Epistemology and Psychology. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Reidel, 1966.
BOERI, M. D.; SALLES, R. Los filósofos estoicos. Ontología, lógica, física y ética. Santiago de Chile, Chile: Ediciones Universidad Alberto Hurtado, 2014.
BOLZANO, B. Wissenschaftslehre. Sulzbach, Germany: Seidel Buchhandlung, 1837.
BRAINE, M. D. S. Steps toward a mental-predicate logic. In: BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’Brien, D. P. eds. Mental Logic. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, pp. 273-331, 1998.
BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. (eds.). Mental Logic. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, 1998a.
BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. How to investigate mental logic and the syntax of thought. In: BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. eds. Mental Logic. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, pp. 45-61, 1998b.
BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. The theory of mental-propositional logic: Description and illustration. In: BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. eds. Mental Logic. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, pp. 79-89, 1998c.
BYRNE, R. M. J.; JOHNSON-LAIRD, P. N. “’If’ and the problems of conditional reasoning.” Trends in Cognitive Science, 13(7): pp. 282-287, 2009.
DEAÑO, A. Introducción a la lógica formal. Madrid, Spain: Alianza Editorial, 1999.
DeMORGAN, A. Formal Logic: Or, the Calculus of Inference Necessary and Probable. London, UK: Taylor & Walton, 1847.
FODOR, J. The Language of Thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1975.
GENTZEN, G. “Untersuchungen über das logische Schließen I.” Mathematische Zeitschrift, 39: pp. 176-210, 1935.
HANDLEY, S. J.; EVANTS, J. St. B. T.; THOMPSON, V. A. “The negated conditional: A litmus test for the suppositional conditional?” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, Cognition, 32: pp. 559-569, 2006.
HENLÉ, M. “On the relation between logic and thinking.” Psychological Review, 69: pp. 366-378, 1962.
JHONSON-LAIRD, P. N. How to improve thinking. In: WEGERIF, R.; LI, L.; KAUFMAN, J. C. eds. The Routledge International Handbook of Research on Teaching Thinking. Abingdon, UK, & New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 80-91, 2015.
JOHNSON-LAIRD, P. N.; KHEMLANI, S.; GOODWIN, G. P. “Logic, probability, and human reasoning.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(4): pp. 201-214, 2015.
KHEMLANI, S.; LOTSTEIN, M.; TRAFTON, J. G.; JOHNSON-LAIRD, P. N. “Immediate inferences from quantified assertions.” The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68(10): pp. 2073-2096, 2015.
KHEMLANI, S.; ORENES, I.; JOHNSON-LAIRD, P. N. “Negation: A theory of its meaning, representation, and inference.” Psychological Review, 109(4): pp. 646-678, 2012.
KHEMLANI, S.; ORENES, I.; JOHNSON-LAIRD, P. N. “The negation of conjunctions, conditionals, and disjunctions.” Acta Psychologica, 151: pp. 1-7, 2014.
LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “The conditional introduction rule and human reasoning: Findings from the mental models theory.” Cogency, 6(2): pp. 29-37, 2014a.
LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “The mental logic theory and DeMorgan’s laws.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(11-1): pp. 24-28, 2014b.
LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “The disjunction introduction rule: Syntactic and semantic considerations.” Pragmalingüística, 23: pp. 141-149, 2015a.
LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “The formal discipline theory and mental logic.” Praxis Filosófica, 41: pp. 11-25, 2015b.
LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “Chrysippus’ indemonstrables and mental logic.” Croatian Journal of Philosophy, 15(43): pp. 1-15, 2015c.
LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “The case of the conditionals with disjunctions embedded into their antecedents: Mental logic versus semantic models.” Universum, 30(2): pp. 143-152, 2015d.
LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “The principle of explosion: Aristotle versus the current syntactic theories.” Schole, 10(1): pp. 40-49, 2016a.
LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “Mental logic and the denials of conjunctions and disjunctions.” Trans/Form/Ação, 39(1): pp. 119-138, 2016b.
MACBETH, G.; RAZUMIEJCZYK, E.; CRIVELLO, M. C.; BOLZÁN, C.; PEREYRA GIRARDI, C. I.; CAMPITELLI, G. “Mental models for the negation of conjunctions and disjunctions.” Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 10(1): pp. 135-149, 2014.
MACNAMARA, J. A Border Dispute: The Place of Logic in Psychology. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Press, 1986.
O’BRIEN, D. P. “Human reasoning includes a mental logic.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32: pp. 96-97, 2009.
O’BRIEN, D. P. “Conditionals and disjunctions in mental-logic theory: A response to Liu and Chou (2012) and to López-Astorga (2013).” Universum, 29(2): pp. 221-235, 2014.
O’BRIEN, D. P.; LI, S. “Mental logic theory: A paradigmatic case of empirical research on the language of thought and inferential role semantics.” Journal of Foreign Languages, 36(6): pp. 27-41, 2013.
O’BRIEN, D. P.; MANFRINATI, A. The mental logic theory of conditional proposition. In: OAKSFORD, M.; CHATER, N. eds. Cognition and conditionals: Probability and Logic in Human Thinking. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 39-54, 2010.
RIPS, L. J. The Psychology of Proof: Deductive Reasoning in Human Thinking. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Press, 1994.
RIPS, L. J. Lines of Thought: Central Concepts in Cognitive Psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2011.
WOODS, J.; IRVINE, A. Aristotle’s early logic. In: GABBAY, D. M.; WOODS, J. eds. Handbook of the History of Logic, Volume 1. Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, pp. 27-99, 2004.
YANG, Y.; BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. Some empirical justification of the mental-predicate-logic model. In: BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. eds. Mental Logic. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, pp. 333-365, 1998.
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Journal general policy
1.This journal works under a Creative Commons License aplied to online journals. That icence can be read in the following link: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
2.Accordingly to this License, a)the journal declares that authors hold the copyright of their articles without restrictions, and they can archieve them as post-print elsewhere. b)the journal allow the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
Metadata Policy for information describing items in the repository
1. Anyone may access the metadata free of charge at anytime.
2.The metadata may be re-used in any medium without prior permission, even commercial purposes provided the OAI Identifier or a link to the original metadata record are given, under the terms of a CC BY license refered for the Journal.