Estudio comparativo entre indicadores de corrupción
un análisis con datos de panel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2525-5584.2025v10n2.70429Palabras clave:
Corrupción, Indicadores de Corrupción, Producto Interno Bruto, Panel de datosResumen
La corrupción es un fenómeno antiguo y globalmente extendido, presente en varios países a lo largo del tiempo. Su definición en la literatura aún es ambigua. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar si los indicadores de corrupción Índice de Percepción País (IPC), Control de la Corrupción (CC) y Corrupción (C) tienen similitudes en la clasificación de países. Se seleccionaron dos artículos sobre corrupción y Producto Interno Bruto. En ambos artículos se utilizó la misma base de datos y la misma técnica de análisis (Panel Data), con la única diferencia de la sustitución del indicador de corrupción. El IPC fue reemplazado por los indicadores CC y C para la misma base de datos. Los resultados fueron favorables a una similitud entre indicadores de corrupción en la clasificación de países, basados en los efectos sobre un mismo conjunto de variables, aunque con limitaciones explicadas cuidadosamente en el presente trabajo.
Descargas
Citas
Abramo, C. W. (2008). How Much Do Perceptions of Corruption Really Tell Us? Economics: The Open Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal 2: 2008-3: 1-56.
Ahmad, N., & Arjumand, S. (2016). Impact of corruption on GDP per capita through international migration: an empirical investigation. Quality & Quantity, 50, 1633-1643.
Ahmad, N., & Aziz, D. (2001). Corruption perception indices: a comparative analysis. The Pakistan Development Review, 813-830.
Ahmad, N., & Brookins, O. T. (2007). The impact of corruption on efficiency in developing economies. Journal of Economic & Management Perspectives, 1(2), 64.
Aisen, A., & Veiga, F. J. (2013). How does political instability affect economic growth?. European Journal of Political Economy, 29, 151-167.
Alesina, A., Özler, S., Roubini, N., & Swagel, P. (1996). Political instability and economic growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 1, 189-211.
Al-Marhubi, F. A. (2000). Corruption and inflation. Economics Letters, 66(2), 199-202.
Álvarez-Díaz, M., Saisana, M., Montalto, V., & Moura, C. T. (2018). Corruption Perceptions Index 2017 Statistical Assessment. European Commission Joint Research Centre Technical Report.
Ahrend, R. (2002). Press freedom, human capital and corruption. Delta Working Paper, (2002-11).
Banerjee, A., Mullainathan, S., & Hanna, R. (2012). Corruption (No. w17968). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Barreto, R. A. (2000). Endogenous corruption in a neoclassical growth model. European Economic Review, 44(1), 35-60.
Bello y Villarino, J. M. (2021). Measuring corruption: A critical analysis of the existing datasets and their suitability for diachronic transnational research. Social Indicators Research, 157(2), 709-747.
Bjørnskov, C. (2012). Can bribes buy protection against international competition?. Review of World Economics, 148, 751-775.
Blackburn, K. (2012). Corruption and development: explaining the evidence. The Manchester School, 80(4), 401-428.
Blackburn, K., Bose, N., & Emranul Haque, M. (2010). Endogenous corruption in economic development. Journal of Economic Studies, 37(1), 4-25.
Bohara, A. K., Mitchell, N. J., & Mittendorff, C. F. (2004). Compound Democracy and the Control of Corruption: A Cross‐Country Investigation. Policy Studies Journal, 32(4), 481-499.
Braun, M., & Di Tella, R. (2004). Inflation, inflation variability, and corruption. Economics & Politics, 16(1), 77-100.
Brei, Z. A. (1996). Corrupção: dificuldades para definição e para um consenso. Revista de Administração Pública, 30(1), 64-a.
Brooks, G., Walsh, D., Lewis, C., Kim, H. (2013). Measuring Corruption. In: Preventing Corruption. Crime Prevention and Security Management. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. (2003). A free press is bad news for corruption. Journal of Public Economics, 87(7-8), 1801-1824.
Charron, N. (2016). Do corruption measures have a perception problem? Assessing the relationship between experiences and perceptions of corruption among citizens and experts. European Political Science Review, 8(1), 147-171.
Cohn, A., Maréchal, M. A., Tannenbaum, D., & Zünd, C. L. (2019). Civic honesty around the globe. Science, 365(6448), 70-73.
Cooray, A., & Schneider, F. (2018). Does corruption throw sand into or grease the wheels of financial sector development?. Public Choice, 177, 111-133.
Coppedge, M., Edgell, A. B., Knutsen, C. H., & Lindberg, S. I. (Eds.). (2022). Why democracies develop and decline. Cambridge University Press.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Investigação Qualitativa e Projeto de Pesquisa: Escolhendo entre Cinco Abordagens. Penso Editora.
Donchev, D., & Ujhelyi, G. (2014). What do corruption indices measure? Economics & Politics, 26(2), 309-331.
Dridi, M. (2014). Corruption and education: Empirical evidence. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 4(3), 476-493.
Friedrich, C. J. (1966). Political pathology. The Political Quarterly, 37(1), 70-85.
Glaeser, E. L., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2004). Do institutions cause growth?. Journal of Economic Growth, 9, 271-303.
Gil, Antônio Carlos. (2002). Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa. 3. ed. - São Paulo: Atlas.
Gründler, K., & Potrafke, N. (2019). Corruption and economic growth: New empirical evidence. European Journal of Political Economy, 60, 101810.
Gutmann, J., Padovano, F. and Voigt, S. (2019). Perception vs. Experience: Explaining Differences in Corruption Measures Using Microdata.
Hartwig, J., & Sturm, J. E. (2025). Revisiting the impact of corruption on income inequality worldwide. Kyklos, 78(1), 206-242.
Hoti, S. (2003). The international country risk guide: an empirical evaluation. Department of Economics, University of Western Australia.
Howell, L. D. (2011). International country risk guide methodology. East Syracuse, NY: PRS Group, 7.
Huang, C. J. (2015). Is corruption bad for economic growth? Evidence from Asia-Pacific countries. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 35, 247-256.
Idris, I. M., Usman, U. A., & Koko, M. A. (2020). The Interrelationship Integrating Corruption-FDI, Gross Fixed Capital Formation-Export and FDI: The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa. Lapai, 12(2), 202-210.
Johnston, M. (2005). Syndromes of corruption: Wealth, power, and democracy. Cambridge University Press.
Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2003). Governance matters III: Governance indicators for 1996-2002. World bank policy research working paper, (3106).
Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2009). Governance matters VIII: aggregate and individual governance indicators, 1996-2008. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (4978).
Knack, S. (2007). Measuring corruption: A critique of indicators in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Journal of Public Policy, 27(3), 255-291.
Koeswayo, P. S., Handoyo, S., & Abdul Hasyir, D. (2024). Investigating the relationship between public governance and the corruption perception index. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2342513.
Lambsdorff, J. G. (2007). The institutional economics of corruption and reform: Theory, evidence and policy. Cambridge university press.
Lambsdorff, J. G. (2008). Corruption perceptions index 2007. Available at: http://www.icgg.org/downloads/Methodology_2008.pdf.
Lim, K. Y. (2019). Modelling the dynamics of corruption and unemployment with heterogeneous labour. Economic Modelling, 79, 98-117.
Malá, I., Sládek, V., & Bílková, D. (2021). Power comparisons of normality tests based on l-moments and classical tests. Mathematics and Statistics, 9(6), 994-1003.
Marques, L. D. (2000). Modelos dinâmicos com dados em painel: revisão de literatura. Centro de estudos Macroeconómicos e Previsão, faculdade de Economia do Porto, 30(3), 37.
Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), 681-712.
Mauro, P., & Driscoll, D. D. (1997). Why worry about corruption? (Vol. 6, pp. 1-19). Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
Mauro, P. (2017). The effects of corruption on growth and public expenditure. In Political corruption (pp. 339-352). Routledge.
Meyer, K. Z., Luiz, J. M., & Fedderke, J. W. (2024). Rules of the Game and Credibility of Implementation in the Control of Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 194(1), 145-163.
Mo, P. H. (2001). Corruption and economic growth. Journal of Comparative Economics, 29(1), 66-79.
Olken, B. A., & Pande, R. (2012). Corruption in developing countries. Annual Review of Economics, 4(1), 479-509.
Paldam, M. (2002). The cross-country pattern of corruption: economics, culture and the seesaw dynamics. European Journal of Political Economy, 18(2), 215-240.
Ur Rehman, H., & Naveed, A. (2007). Determinants of Corruption and its Relation to GDP:(A Panel study). Journal of Political Studies, 12, 27.
Rohwer, A. (2009). Measuring corruption: a comparison between the transparency international's corruption perceptions index and the World Bank's worldwide governance indicators. CESifo DICE Report, 7(3), 42-52.
Rothstein, B., & Uslaner, E. M. (2005). All for all: Equality, corruption, and social trust. World Politics, 58(1), 41-72.
Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1993). Corruption. The quarterly journal of economics, 108(3), 599-617.
Shukhova, A., & Nisnevich, Y. (2017). Measurement of validity of corruption indices. Higher School of Economics. Research Paper No. WP BRP, 42.
Silva, M. F. G. (1995). A economia política da corrupção: o escândalo do orçamento (Vol. 3). Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Núcleo de Pesquisas e Publicações.
Svensson, J. (2005). Eight questions about corruption. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(3), 19-42.
Tanzi, V. (1998). Corruption around the world: Causes, consequences, scope, and cures. Staff Papers, 45(4), 559-594.
Thompson, T., & Shah A. (2005). Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index: Whose Perceptions Are They Anyway?, Discussion draft, 2005.
Transparency International. (2021). Corruption Perceptions Index. URL: https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2020/index/nzl.
Treisman, D. (2000). The causes of corruption: a cross-national study. Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), 399-457.
Ugur, M., & Dasgupta, N. (2011). Evidence on the economic growth impacts of corruption in low-income countries and beyond: a systematic review. EPPI-Centre Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London, 1-134.
Vasylieva, T., Lyulyov, O., Bilan, Y., & Streimikiene, D. (2019). Sustainable economic development and greenhouse gas emissions: The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption, GDP, and corruption. Energies, 12(17), 3289.
Wei, S. J. (2000). How taxing is corruption on international investors?. Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(1), 1-11.
World Bank. (2023). Age dependency ratio. Disponível em: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.DPND.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Elias Lopes Júnior, Hércules Pio da Silva
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
_.jpg)
.png){kind=logo}
.jpg)
_.png)
