Towards an updated reasoning formal theory

Autores

  • Miguel López-Astorga

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18012/arf.2016.28457

Palavras-chave:

Formal schemata, inference, mental logic, reasoning, syntax

Resumo

In the late twentieth century, the final version of the mental logic theory was presented. That was a syntactic and formal approach intended to describe and explain the human inferential ability. Maybe because of several experimental results achieved during the last years that have not addressed by the theory, it can be thought that its framework is outdated today. In this paper, I try to update some particular aspects of the mental logic theory by taking recent empirical evidence and arguments coming from the specialized literature into account. Such aspects refer to the symbols that it should adopt, its actual essential schemata, and the way in which the theory can deal with denials.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Miguel López-Astorga

Ph.D in Philosopphy at Institute of Humanistic Studies “Juan Ignacio Molina,” University of Talca, Chile

Referências

BARNES, J.; BOBZIEN, S.; & MIGNUCCI, M. Logic. In: ALGRA, K.; BARNES, J.; MANSFELD, J.; SCHOFIELD, M. eds. The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 77-225, 2008.

BETH, E. W.; PIAGET, J. Mathematical Epistemology and Psychology. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Reidel, 1966.

BOERI, M. D.; SALLES, R. Los filósofos estoicos. Ontología, lógica, física y ética. Santiago de Chile, Chile: Ediciones Universidad Alberto Hurtado, 2014.

BOLZANO, B. Wissenschaftslehre. Sulzbach, Germany: Seidel Buchhandlung, 1837.

BRAINE, M. D. S. Steps toward a mental-predicate logic. In: BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’Brien, D. P. eds. Mental Logic. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, pp. 273-331, 1998.

BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. (eds.). Mental Logic. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, 1998a.

BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. How to investigate mental logic and the syntax of thought. In: BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. eds. Mental Logic. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, pp. 45-61, 1998b.

BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. The theory of mental-propositional logic: Description and illustration. In: BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. eds. Mental Logic. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, pp. 79-89, 1998c.

BYRNE, R. M. J.; JOHNSON-LAIRD, P. N. “’If’ and the problems of conditional reasoning.” Trends in Cognitive Science, 13(7): pp. 282-287, 2009.

DEAÑO, A. Introducción a la lógica formal. Madrid, Spain: Alianza Editorial, 1999.

DeMORGAN, A. Formal Logic: Or, the Calculus of Inference Necessary and Probable. London, UK: Taylor & Walton, 1847.

FODOR, J. The Language of Thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1975.

GENTZEN, G. “Untersuchungen über das logische Schließen I.” Mathematische Zeitschrift, 39: pp. 176-210, 1935.

HANDLEY, S. J.; EVANTS, J. St. B. T.; THOMPSON, V. A. “The negated conditional: A litmus test for the suppositional conditional?” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, Cognition, 32: pp. 559-569, 2006.

HENLÉ, M. “On the relation between logic and thinking.” Psychological Review, 69: pp. 366-378, 1962.

JHONSON-LAIRD, P. N. How to improve thinking. In: WEGERIF, R.; LI, L.; KAUFMAN, J. C. eds. The Routledge International Handbook of Research on Teaching Thinking. Abingdon, UK, & New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 80-91, 2015.

JOHNSON-LAIRD, P. N.; KHEMLANI, S.; GOODWIN, G. P. “Logic, probability, and human reasoning.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(4): pp. 201-214, 2015.

KHEMLANI, S.; LOTSTEIN, M.; TRAFTON, J. G.; JOHNSON-LAIRD, P. N. “Immediate inferences from quantified assertions.” The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68(10): pp. 2073-2096, 2015.

KHEMLANI, S.; ORENES, I.; JOHNSON-LAIRD, P. N. “Negation: A theory of its meaning, representation, and inference.” Psychological Review, 109(4): pp. 646-678, 2012.

KHEMLANI, S.; ORENES, I.; JOHNSON-LAIRD, P. N. “The negation of conjunctions, conditionals, and disjunctions.” Acta Psychologica, 151: pp. 1-7, 2014.

LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “The conditional introduction rule and human reasoning: Findings from the mental models theory.” Cogency, 6(2): pp. 29-37, 2014a.

LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “The mental logic theory and DeMorgan’s laws.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(11-1): pp. 24-28, 2014b.

LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “The disjunction introduction rule: Syntactic and semantic considerations.” Pragmalingüística, 23: pp. 141-149, 2015a.

LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “The formal discipline theory and mental logic.” Praxis Filosófica, 41: pp. 11-25, 2015b.

LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “Chrysippus’ indemonstrables and mental logic.” Croatian Journal of Philosophy, 15(43): pp. 1-15, 2015c.

LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “The case of the conditionals with disjunctions embedded into their antecedents: Mental logic versus semantic models.” Universum, 30(2): pp. 143-152, 2015d.

LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “The principle of explosion: Aristotle versus the current syntactic theories.” Schole, 10(1): pp. 40-49, 2016a.

LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, M. “Mental logic and the denials of conjunctions and disjunctions.” Trans/Form/Ação, 39(1): pp. 119-138, 2016b.

MACBETH, G.; RAZUMIEJCZYK, E.; CRIVELLO, M. C.; BOLZÁN, C.; PEREYRA GIRARDI, C. I.; CAMPITELLI, G. “Mental models for the negation of conjunctions and disjunctions.” Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 10(1): pp. 135-149, 2014.

MACNAMARA, J. A Border Dispute: The Place of Logic in Psychology. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Press, 1986.

O’BRIEN, D. P. “Human reasoning includes a mental logic.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32: pp. 96-97, 2009.

O’BRIEN, D. P. “Conditionals and disjunctions in mental-logic theory: A response to Liu and Chou (2012) and to López-Astorga (2013).” Universum, 29(2): pp. 221-235, 2014.

O’BRIEN, D. P.; LI, S. “Mental logic theory: A paradigmatic case of empirical research on the language of thought and inferential role semantics.” Journal of Foreign Languages, 36(6): pp. 27-41, 2013.

O’BRIEN, D. P.; MANFRINATI, A. The mental logic theory of conditional proposition. In: OAKSFORD, M.; CHATER, N. eds. Cognition and conditionals: Probability and Logic in Human Thinking. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 39-54, 2010.

RIPS, L. J. The Psychology of Proof: Deductive Reasoning in Human Thinking. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Press, 1994.

RIPS, L. J. Lines of Thought: Central Concepts in Cognitive Psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2011.

WOODS, J.; IRVINE, A. Aristotle’s early logic. In: GABBAY, D. M.; WOODS, J. eds. Handbook of the History of Logic, Volume 1. Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, pp. 27-99, 2004.

YANG, Y.; BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. Some empirical justification of the mental-predicate-logic model. In: BRAINE, M. D. S.; O’BRIEN, D. P. eds. Mental Logic. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, pp. 333-365, 1998.

Arquivos adicionais

Publicado

2016-04-21

Como Citar

López-Astorga, M. (2016). Towards an updated reasoning formal theory. Aufklärung: Journal of Philosophy, 3(1), p.11–22. https://doi.org/10.18012/arf.2016.28457