O desenvolvimento e o estado atual da pesquisa do processo tradutório
Mots-clés :
Pesquisa do processo tradutório, Rastreamento ocular, Registro de acionamentos de teclas e mouse, Abordagem multimetodológicaRésumé
O interesse pelos estudos da tradução orientados para o processo tem sido ativo nos últimos mais de cinquenta anos. Estudos processuais da tradução (em inglês, translation process research, ou TPR) é o nome que temos utilizado para nos referir a uma abordagem especial, de natureza descritiva, empírica e experimental, dos estudos da tradução que se baseia, mediante o suporte tecnológico, na observação estrita do (micro)comportamento tradutório. Basicamente, a pesquisa do processo tradutório faz uso de programas de key logging, que registram, em tempo real, os acionamentos de teclas e mouse pelo tradutor, e de rastreadores oculares (eye trackers), que registram os movimentos oculares do tradutor sobre uma tela que exibe o texto-fonte e a tradução emergente. Esse método de pesquisa foi desenvolvido como meio de qualificar e reforçar as hipóteses sobre o processo tradutório aventadas com base em relatos verbais, uma vez que fornece dados adicionais, distintos e quantitativos acerca dos mesmos eventos, a partir dos quais podem ser realizadas análises e interpretações complementares. Com esse método, vários processos podem ser diretamente observados em diferentes níveis de refinamento e comparados com aspectos relatados acerca dos processos mentais, os quais permanecem inacessíveis à observação externa. Quais processos mentais subjazem o (micro)comportamento mensurável é algo passível apenas de inferência. A captura de toda a complexidade da tradução claramente requer uma abordagem multimetodológica, e os estudos da tradução devem estar abertos a estender sua curiosidade para além de si próprios, buscando suporte em áreas como a psicologia cognitiva, a psicolinguística, a neurolinguística e a neurociência, as quais também têm ativo interesse pelo que acontece dentro das nossas cabeças.
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Références
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