Neoliberalismo, Populismo e a Crise da Democracia sob uma Abordagem Pragmatista e da Teoria Crítica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18012/arf.v12i3.77586Keywords:
Populismo, Neoliberalismo, Crise Democrática, Pragmatismo, Teoria CríticaAbstract
A ascensão do populismo na Europa e na América do Norte ao longo da última década reflete uma crise profunda nos fundamentos da democracia liberal moderna. Este artigo argumenta que o populismo contemporâneo deve ser compreendido como uma reação aos colapsos políticos, econômicos e morais causados pelo neoliberalismo, um sistema que mercantilizou a vida social, erodiu as instituições públicas e exauriu a imaginação democrática dos cidadãos. Recorrendo a duas grandes tradições filosóficas do século XX, o Pragmatismo (John Dewey, Richard Rorty) e a Teoria Crítica (Jürgen Habermas, Nancy Fraser, Axel Honneth), o artigo propõe uma abordagem combinada que é, ao mesmo tempo, crítica e reconstrutiva. No nível crítico, a Teoria Crítica ajuda a revelar como a lógica sistêmica do neoliberalismo fragmentou o “mundo da vida” (lifeworld) e substituiu a racionalidade comunicativa pela racionalidade instrumental. No nível reconstrutivo, o Pragmatismo sugere possibilidades para restaurar a confiança cívica e a comunidade democrática por meio da educação, do diálogo e da ação coletiva. A partir disso, o artigo sustenta que a combinação de um espírito crítico e um espírito pragmático pode fornecer um arcabouço teórico abrangente para compreender e responder à crise democrática na era pós-neoliberal.
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